[素材积累]8高中英语语法大全第一部分 词法（鄙视看了不回复的~~~~~）

第八章  分词
一.概念:
   分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式
二.相关知识点精讲:
1.现在分词的用法：
  1) 做表语：
    He was very amusing.
    That book was rather boring.
    很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：
    exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
  2) 作定语：
    上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：
    That must have been a terrifying experience.
    I found him a charming person.
    现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：
    There are a few boys swimming in the river.
    There is a car waiting outside.
  3) 作状语：
    现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：
    Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.
    Opening the drawer, he took out a box.
    Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
    现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：
    Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
    Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.
    现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：
    Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
    Returning home, he began to do his homework.
    Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
    Be careful when crossing the road.
    Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
    Having finished her work, she went home.
  4)作宾补：
    现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：
    例如, see, hear, catch, find,  keep ,  have 等.
    I see him passing my house every day.
    I caught him stealing things in that shop.
    I smelt something burning.
She kept him working all day.
2.过去分词的用法：
  1) 作表语：
    We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
   She felt confused, and even frightened.
    They were very pleased with the girl.
    I’m satisfied with your answer.
    He is not interested in research.
  2) 作定语：
    She has a pleased look on her face.
    The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.
    cooked food       a written report
    fried eggs         boiled water
    frozen food        armed forces
    required courses    fallen leaves
    finished products    a forced smile
    the risen sun       new arrived visitors
    What’s the language spoken in that country?
    They’re problem left over by history.
    The play put on by the teachers was a big success.
    Is there anybody injured?
    Do you know the number of books ordered?
  3)作状语：
    Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
    Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
    They came in, followed by some children.
    Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.
    When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.
  4)作宾补：
    过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面
    I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.
When they get back home, they found the room robbed.
三.巩固练习
    1. __________  with the best students, I still have a long way to go.
         A. Having compared                B. To compare
         C. Compared                      D. Compare
（   ）  2. The music of the film  _________  by him sounds so ___________  .
         A. playing, exciting                B. played, excited
         C. playing, excited                 D. played, exciting
（   ）  3.   __________  against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home.
          A. Warned                       B. Having warned
          C. To warn                       D. Warn
（   ）  4. In  __________  countries, you can’t always make yourself  _______ by speaking English.
         A. English-speaking, understand        B. English-spoken, understand
         C. English-speaking, understood        D. English-speaking, understood
（   ）5.  After  _____________  the old man, the doctor suggested that he  ___________  a bad cold.
    A. examining, should catch             B. examined, had caught
           C. examining, had caught               D. examined, catch
（   ）  6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it.
         A. Be a good swimmer                    B. Being a good swimmer
         C. Having been good swimmer              D. To be a good swimmer
（   ）  7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.
         A. Having not known                     B. Not to know
         C. Don’t know                          D. Not knowing
（   ）  8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child  ___________  such a book.
         A. read                                B. to read
         C. reading                              D. be reading
（   ） 9. He returned from abroad  ______________  that his mother had been badly ill.
        A. heard                                 B. having been heard
        C. having phoned                          D. having been phoned
四.答案:
  1. C    2. D    3. A    4. C    5. C    6. B    7. D    8. C    9. D

第九章   动名词
一. 概念
动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式
二. 相关知识点精讲:
1.作主语。例如：
　　 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
　2.作宾语　
　 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误
deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象
finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练
recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议
face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗
　      The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。　　　　
　 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to
stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of
stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of
be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of
burst out keep on insist on count on set about
put off be good at take up give up be successful in
3.作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
  4.作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
 三.巩固练习
1. I was ______ work last week, but I changed my mind.
    a. to start   b. to have started    c. to be starting    d. to have been starting
2. I intended ______ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.
a. discuss   b. discussing    c. having discussed    d. to have discussed
3. Don’t let me catch you ______.
a. do that again   b. to do that again   c. doing that again   d. done that again
4. There are many kinds of metals ______.
a. each has its special properties     b. one has its special properties
c.each having its special properties  d. having its special properties
5. It’s pay-day, and they’re waiting ______.
a. for paying     b. to be paid     c. to be paying     d. to have paid
6. _______ trouble, I’m going to forget the whole affair.
a. Then rather cause    b. Rather causing    
c. Rather than cause    d. Rather than caused
7. The brilliance of his satires was ______ make even his victims laugh.
a. so as to     b. such as to    c. so that    d. such that
8. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined ______ high levels of self-confidence.
a. possess    b. have possessed    c. to possess    d. possessing
9. The worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.
a. too busy    b. enough busy    c. busy too    d. busy enough
10. “What did you do in the garden?”
“I watched my father ______ his motorbike.”
a. to repair    b. repaired    c. repairing    d. repairs
四.答案
  BDCCBCBCAC