[素材积累]16高中英语语法大全第一部分 词法（鄙视看了不回复的~~~~~）

第16章   连词
一.概念
   连词是用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.表示并列关系的连词有：and, both…and…, not only… but also…和neither…nor…等
1)and：和，并且
A：基本用法：
“and”表示 “和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。
I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.
The weather becomes colder and colder.
B:特别用法：
祁使句后连接and，有条件句作用，此时and=if you…,you’ll…
Go straight on, and you’ll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library.
2)both…and…既…也…,(两者)都…
A、both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Both Jim and Kate are from England.
B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。
You can’t speak both German and English.
Both my father and my mother aren’t doctors.
3)neither…nor…:既不…也不…
neither…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即采取就近原则。
Neither I nor he has seen the play before.
4)not only…but also…:不但…而且…
not only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。
 Not only the mother but also the children are ill.
2.表示转折关系的连词有：but,  however, yet, still，while等。
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.
He was very tired, still he kept on walking.
Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some
room for improvement.
Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.
3.表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, either…or…,whether… or…等。
1)or：或、否则
A:基本用法
or 表示 “或” 的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。
----Is your friend English or American? ----American.
He doesn’t like dumplings or noodles.
B:特别用法
祁使句后连接or ，表 “如果…,否则…”,有转折的意思，此时 or =if you don’t …,you’ll …
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
2)either…or…:或者…或者…; 不是…就是…；要么…要么…
A. either…or…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即就近原则。
  Either you or I am right.
  Does either she or they like English?
B. 由either…or…引导的否定句是完全否定。
She isn’t either a student or a teacher.
3)whether…or…不管…还是…
She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.
4.表示因果关系的并列连词有：for(因为)，so(所以)。
He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.
It was late, so I went home.
5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。
After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.
We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.
As soon as he gets to Beijing, he’ll call me.
1) when, while, as 都表示“当……时”，when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词，可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，侧重主从句动作同时发生。as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主从句动作同时发生，强调“一边……一边”。
When I came in, my father was cooking.
I came in when/while my father was cooking.
He sang as he walked.
2)until用法：当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主从句都用肯定式，译为“直到……为止”；当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，即not…..until, 译为“直到……才”。
Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来)
Mr. Green didn’t go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉)
6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if(如果), unless(除非，如果……不)等。
If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.=Unless you go soon, you’ll be late.
7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since等。
because“因为”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because，其引导的从句可放在句首或句末；as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强，引导的从句常置于句首；for是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或补充说明，其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。
He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
As it was raining, we went there by bus.
Since everybody is here, let’s begin.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
注意： because与 so不能同时使用。
8.引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although/though(虽然，尽管), even though/if (即使)
Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich.
Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him.
注意：although/though 引导的从句不能与but连用，但可与yet, still连用。
9.引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that和in order that(以便，为了)等。
The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly.
10.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that(结果是)和so/such…that…(如此…以至于)等。
It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.
He got there so early that he got a good seat.
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.
11.引导比较状语从句的从属连词有： as…as…(与……一样),not as/so… as…(不及，赶不上),和than(比)等。
I know you better than she does.
   He works as carefully as she.
   I can’t run as/so fast as you.
12.引导名词性从句的从属连词有：that和 if/whether(是否)等。
We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句)
I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句)
Whether he’ll go there hasn’t been decided.(主语从句)
注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。
I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
He won’t come unless he is invited.

三.巩固练习
1、I don’t like reading       watching TV. What about you? “I don’t like reading all day,     I like watching TV plays.”
A．and, but B．and, and C．or, and D．or, but 2、You won’t know the value(价值) of the health        you lose it.
A．until B．after C．when D．because
3、We bought Granny a present,        she didn’t like it.
A．but B．and C．or D．so
4、Study hard,       you will pass the exam.
A．so B．for C．but D．and
5、Put on more clothes,       you’ll catch cold.
A．and B．for C．or D．but
6、My shoes are worn out,        I need new ones.
A．so B．if C．because D．and
7、He ran      fast       he won the race.
A．enough …to B．so …that C．too…to D．both…and
8、He is only ten months. He can     read       write.
A．either…or B．neither…nor C．both…and D．so…that
9、She said she might come       Saturday        Sunday .
A．neither…nor B．nither…or
C．too…to D．so…that
10、If Tom       Mike asks for their car, tell him to come tomorrow.
A．or B．and C．with D．but
11、It was already ten o’clock      we got to the museum this morning.
A．that B．when C．if D．for
12、It’s a long time       we met last.
A．so B．after C．since D．before
13、That maths problem is       difficult      nobody can do it.
A．too…to B．very…that
C．so…that D．very …but
14、I’ll give her the message       she comes back.
A．since B．before C．until D．as soon as
15、       the teacher came into the classroom, many students were talking to each other.
A．While B．If C．Since D．When
16、People often mistake us for each other      we are twins.
A．if B．when C．because D．after
17、Could you tell me       in your home town in winter?
A．if it often snowed B．whether does it often snow
C．if it often snow D．whether it often snows
18、Are you sure        Mr. Li will come to your birthday party?
A．if B．that C．for D．when
19、      Lily      Lucy like singing.
A．Either…or B．Beither…nor …
C．Both…and D．So…that
20、Read the sentences slowly       we can understand what you read.
A．so that B．before C．until D．because
四.答案
  1、D 2、A 3、A 4、D 5、C 6、A 7、B 8、B 9、B 10、A 11、B 12、C 13、C 14、D 15、D   16、C 17、D 18、B 19、C 20、A

第17章  构词法
一.概念
   英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.
二.相关知识点精讲
   1.转化法
　　英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
　　1)动词转化为名词
　　很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如：
　　①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
　　②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
　　③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
　　2)名词转化为动词
　　很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如：
　　①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?
　　②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
　　③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
　　④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
　　3)形容词转化为动词
　　有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：
　　We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
　　4)副词转化为动词
　　有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
　　Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
　　5)形容词转化为名词
　　表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：
　　You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
　　The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
2.派生法
　　在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
　　1)前缀
　　除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
　　(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：
　　appear出现→disappear消失
　　correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
　　lead带领→mislead领错
　　stop停下→non-stop不停
　　(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如：
　　alone单独的antigas防毒气的
　　autochart自动图表
　　cooperate合作enjoy使高兴
　　internet互联网reuse再用
　　subway地铁telephone电话
　　2)后缀
　　英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
　(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一……)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：
　　differ不同于→difference区别
　　write写→writer作家
　　Japan日本→Japanese日本人
　　act表演→actress女演员
　　mouth口→mouthful一口
　　music音乐→musician音乐家
　　(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如：
　　wide→widen加宽
　　beauty→beautify美化
　　pure→purify提纯
　　real→realize意识到
　　organ→organize组织
　　(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，
　　-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如：
　　nature自然→natural自然的
　　reason道理→reasonable有道理的
　　America美国→American美国的
　　China中国→Chinese中国人的
　　gold金子→golden金的
　　east东→eastern东方的
　　child孩子→childish孩子气的
　　snow雪→snowy雪的
　　(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：
　　angry生气的→angrily生气地
　　to到→towards朝……，向……
　　east东方→eastward向东
　　(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。例如：
　　six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
　　four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
　3.合成法
　　1)合成名词
　　构成方式例词
　　名词＋名词weekend周末
　　名词＋动词daybreak黎明
　　名词＋动名词handwriting书法
　　名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药
　名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑
　　代词＋名词she-wolf母狼
　　动词＋名词typewriter打字机
　　动名词＋名词reading-room阅览室
　　现在分词＋名词flying-fish飞鱼
　　形容词＋名词gentleman绅士
　　副词＋动词outbreak爆发
　　介词＋名词afternoon下午
　　2)合成形容词
　　名词＋形容词snow-white雪白的
　　名词＋现在分词English-speaking讲英语的
　　名词＋to＋名词face-to-face面对面的
　　名词＋过去分词man-made人造的
　　数词＋名词one-way单行的
　　数词＋名词＋形容词two-year-old两岁的
　　数词＋名词＋ed five-storeyed五层的
　　动词＋副词see-through透明的
　　形容词＋名词high-class高级的
　　形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的
　　形容词＋形容词light-blue浅蓝色的
　　形容词＋现在分词good-looking相貌好看的
　　副词＋形容词ever-green常青的
　　副词＋现在分词hard-working勤劳的
　　副词＋过去分词well-known著名的
　　副词＋名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的
　　介词＋名词downhill下坡的
　　3)合成动词
　　名词＋动词sleep-walk梦游
　　形容词＋动词white-wash粉刷
　　副词＋动词overthrow推翻
　　4)合成副词
　　形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地
　　形容词＋副词everywhere到处
　　副词＋副词however尽管如此
　　介词＋名词beforehand事先
　　介词＋副词forever永远
　　5)合成代词
　　代词宾格＋self herself她自己
　　物主代词＋self myself我自己
　　形容词＋名词anything任何东西
　　6)合成介词
　　副词＋名词inside在……里面
　　介词＋副词within在……之内
　　副词＋介词into进入
4.截短法(缩略法)
　　截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
　　1)截头
　　telephone→phone
　　aeroplane→plane
　　omnibus→bus
　　2)去尾
　　mathematics→maths
　　co-operate→co-op
　　examination→exam
　　kilogram→kilo
　　laboratory→lab
　　taxicab→taxi
　　3)截头去尾
　　influenza→flu
　　refrigerator→fridge
　　prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
　　混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。
　　news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
　　television broadcast→telecast电视播送
　　smoke and fog→smog烟雾
　　helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
6.首尾字母缩略法
　　首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
　　very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物
　　television→TV (读字母音)电视
　　Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
    Nato

三.巩固练习
1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.
A.care　 　 B.careful　　 C.careless　　 D.carelessness
2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.
A.die B.dead C.died D.death
3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded.
A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad
4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________.
A.chemistry B.chemical
C.chemist D.physician
5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.
A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged
6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.
A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership
7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates.
A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely
8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.
A.satisfied B.satisfactory
C.satisfying D.satisfaction
9.—What are you doing here?
—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.
—You can write________passage in English?
A.600 words；a 600-words　
B.600-word；a 600-words
C.600 words；a 600-word　
D.600 words；a 600-words
10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.
A.permit B.permission
C.permitting D.permittence
11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.
A.headquarters B.headline
C.headmaster D.headache
12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.
A.intend B.intention
C.intentionally 　 D.intentional
13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.
A.practice B.practise
C.practical D.practiced
14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.
A.judger B.judgment
C.judge D.judgement
15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?
A.lately B.latest
C.later D.latter
16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.
A.longer B.length
C.long D.longing
17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.
A.joy B.joyful
C.joyless D.joyness
18.Canada is mainly an________country.
A.English-speaking B.speak-English
C.spoken-English D.English-spoken
19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.
A.foolish；foolishly；fool
B.fool；foolish；fool
C.foolish；fool；fool
D.foolishly；foolish；fool
20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________.
A.valuable B.value
C.valueless D.unvaluable
21.There were________fish in the river in South America.
A.in danger B.danger
C.dangerous D.dangerless
22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.
A.sound B.silent
C.silence D.sounded
23.The child looked at me________.
A.stranger B.strangely
C.strange D.strangeless
24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.
A.free B.freely
C.freedom D.frees
25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.
A.reasonable B.reasonful
C.reasonless D.unreason
26.We have to learn________technology from other countries.
A.advance B.advancing
C.advantage D.advanced
27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.
A.nearby B.near
C.nearly D.near by
28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an________in the government.You can not easily find him in his________.
A.official；officer；office
B.officer；office；official
C.official；official；official
D.officer；official；office
29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.
A.health B.healthy
C.healthily D.healthier
30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.
A.Honestly　 B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest
[参考答案]
http://www.DearEDU.com
1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB  11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB
21-25 CBBCA 26-30 DADBA

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谢了

谢了

不错啊！

谢谢捧场   感动哦

很好的资料，感谢，不错