Tiffanypan

高级学员

粉丝272
关注100
发帖数432
铜币9591枚
贡献值229点
好评度411
来自吉林省松原市宁江区
最后登录2016-06-22

加关注写私信

阅读：2603回复：7

[考试那点事]高中英语的特殊句型

楼主^#

更多发布于：2015-03-06 19:32

一. 感叹句

感叹句是表示说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、赞赏、愤怒等情绪的句子。这类句子中有很多是由what和how引导的。What用来修饰名词或名词短语，how则是修饰形容词，副词或动词。感叹词所修饰的部分除了动词均须提到前面，句中其余部分用正常语序，句末用感叹号。

1. 感叹句的基本句型

（1）由what引导的感叹句。What可与可数名词单数、复数及不可数名词连用。

① what+a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语

eg. What a clever boy he is!

② what+形容词+不可数名词（weather,advice,news,funs）+主语+谓语

eg. What fine weather we are having today!

③ what+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语

eg. What beautiful flowers these are!

（2）由how引导的感叹句，how与后面的形容词、副词、动词连用。

① how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语

eg. How high the mountain is!

② how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语

eg. How difficult a problem is!

（3）省略形式的感叹句

① how直接修饰谓语动词：how+主语+谓语

eg. How we love our motherland!

②
省略主语和谓语

eg. How wonderful!

2. 感叹句的其他句型

（1）陈述句式感叹句

eg.There’s danger ahead!

（2）一般疑问句式感叹

eg. AmI hungry!

（3）特殊疑问句式感叹句

eg. Howcan you be so silly!

（4）祈使句式感叹句

eg.Look out!

（5）as if和if only引导的感叹句

eg. Ifonly you were my sister!

（6）不定式感叹句

eg. Tothink you are so careless!

（7）副词引导的感叹句

eg. Out rushed the children!

There be 句型在英语中表示“在某地或某时存在某物”。即There+be+主语+（定语）+地点或时间状语。在这种结构中,there是引导词，本身没有词义。be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。

1. There be 句型常用的时态形式有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。

eg. There is someone at the door to seeyou. 门口有人找你。

There will be a meetingthis evening. 今晚有个约会。

Have there been anyletters from Jack lately? 近来有杰克的来信吗？

There had been manysuch accidents before you came. 你来之前就有过很多起这样的事故。

2. There be 句型中be前面可用一些半助动词，如：beabout to(就要)，be certain to（一定会），be going to(将要)，be likely to(可能)，be to(要)，had better（最好），have to(必须)，used to(过去常)，appear/seem/happen to(似乎/恰好)等。

eg.
There used to be a grocery store on thecorner. 以前在这个街口有家杂货店。

There is certain to be something wrong with theengine.

= It appears /is certain that there issomething wrong with the engine.

发动机一定是有毛病。

There appears to have been a nastyaccident. 似乎有一起严重的事故。

3. There be 句型中的替换词有：come(来)，develop(产生)，exist(存在)，fall(落下)，follow(跟随)，happen(发生)，lie(躺着)，live（住着），occur（发生），remain（还有），rise（升起），stand（站着）等。这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。

eg.
Therefell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。

There remains one more test to be carried outbefore putting the instrument into operation.在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。

Notlong after this ,there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste.

此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。

There stands at the center of the square theMonument to the People’s Heroes.

在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。

4. There be 句型中，谓语动词和后面的主语在数方面保持一致，如果有两个或更多的主语，则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致。

eg. There is only a table,four chairs and a small bed in the room.

房子里有一张桌子，四把椅子和一张小床。

5. There be 句型有不定式、现在分词和动名词形式，在句中用作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。

eg.
There being a bus stop so near the house is agreat advantage.

公共汽车站离家这么近是一个很有利的条件。

Idon’t want there to be any misunderstanding. 我不想引起任何误解。

No onewould have dreamt of there being such a fine place.

谁也没有想到会有这样的一个好地方。

6. “There be no doing” 表示“不可能做”。

eg.
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。

There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next. 他接下去要做什么，很难断言。

There is no bearing such ruderemarks. 如此粗话，叫人根本无法忍受.

全部倒装倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.

1. 完全倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：

（1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be,come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell. Then came the chairman.

（2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Aheadsat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes. Away theywent.

2. 倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前

(1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such aperformance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to thisquestion.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave theroom.

当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such aperformance.

3. 以否定词开头作部分倒装, 如:never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), nosooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond ofmusic. （

4. so, neither, nor作部分倒装表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If youwon't go, neither will I.

5. only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn Englishwell.

Only after being asked three times did hecome to themeeting.

如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay inbed.

6. as, though 引导的倒装句. as/ though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前
（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

(1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

(2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able todo the work satisfactorily.

让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

7. 其他部分倒装

(1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。Sofrightened was he that he did not dare to move aninch.

(2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.

(3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were,had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。WereI you, I would try itagain.

http://17.mofangge.com/attachment.aspx?attachmentid=142827 (43.09 K)

1.
陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren'tI.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

2.

陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3.
陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made noanswer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4.
含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5.
陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6.
陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7.
陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8.
陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9.
陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'dlike to go with me, wouldn't you?

10.
陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
Hemust be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11.
感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。Whatcolours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?

12.
陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13.
陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything isready, isn't it?

14.
陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in Chinanow, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think,believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15.
陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they?　(does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16.
带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17.
省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait foryou in the reading-room, will you ?

18.
陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be anytrouble, will there?

19.
否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20.
must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

He must be there now, isn't he?It must be going to rain tomorrow,won't it?

喜欢2

100%

[考试那点事]高中英语的特殊句型

最新喜欢：

100%