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过去几年来,我遇到许多非议英文为母语的作者常犯的一些语言错误,用字/词的错误可能会使读者感到困惑或是误导他们。 为了排除这些可能的困惑成为英语专家,我先前已经有一篇博文讨论过写作时容易搞混的词汇,这次延续这个主题,再继续讨论几个这样的词汇。 1. Number vs Amount “amount”用于不可数名词,如钱、信息、时间等。 例句:We received an enormous amount of help from our university. “number”用于可数名词,像是工作、样本、机器等。 例句:I had a small number of specimens left. “number”和“amount”的使用是根据所形容的名词是否可数,因此彼此间并无法相互替代。 2. Hypothesis vs Theory “hypothesis”是根据知识与经验所有的猜想,尚未经过测试或证明。 例句:His hypothesis was that giving his students less work would increase their test scores. “theory”是已经被重复测试并有证据支持的科学思想。 例句:Scientists hold the theory of evolution in high regard. 一个增强这2个字差异的辨识方法是把“hypothesis”想成构建“theory”的第一步,因为任何的科学理论都是源自于有逻辑的猜想。 3. Discreet vs Discrete “discreet”意指小心不要引起注意。 例句:Discreet observation of the patient enabled the doctors to draw vital conclusions. “discrete”意指分开或差距。 例句:The organisms can be classified into discrete categories. 这2个字因为拼法接近所以经常被搞混,不过他们的字义大相径庭,使用时一定要注意。这种发音接近但字义与拼法不同的词称作“(homophones)” 4. Old vs Original “old”是指属于过去的一段时间,现在一般已经不使用的,像是“一首老歌”或“旧衣服” 例句:Some old theories suggested that the earth was flat. 另一方面,“original”是指同类中的第一个或被复制的第一个版本,例如“the original statement”、“ the original work of art”。 例句:The team replicated the original research to confirm its validity. 以下几个范例可以帮助你辨识这2个字的不同: 避免使用:As we had stated in the old manuscript, each patient was administered the same dosage during the study period. 较好的用法:As we had stated in the original manuscript, each patient was administered the same dosage during the study period. 以上范例是在说一个已经修改的文件,因此“original”比“old”更为适合用来形容这个文件。 5. As a result vs Based on the results “as a result”意由于,用于表达一事件是另一项事情的起因时。 例句:The results of the experiment were inconclusive. As a result, the research had to be repeated. 这个句子是指由于研究结果不够具有决定性,所以要再重做一次实验。 而“based on the results”和“the results revealed”是表示根据特定结果得到的 例句:Based on the results of the experiment, we concluded that bats are nocturnal creatures. “as a result”、“ based on the results”或“the results revealed”各有不同的意思,因此无法替换使用。 |
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沙发#
发布于:2015-08-07 13:01
版主加油哈!!
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板凳#
发布于:2015-08-07 13:02
sxjzzpy329:加油!回到原帖嗯哪。。。。 |
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地板#
发布于:2015-08-07 13:03
sxjzzpy329:恩,你又在抢沙发回到原帖 |
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4楼#
发布于:2015-08-07 13:05
sxjzzpy329:嘿嘿.......回到原帖 |
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