100%
11. affair/matter/business
Ⅰ. affair “事、事情、事务”它的涵义最广,可指已经发生或必须做的任何事情, 也可泛 指事务(通常用算数,指重大或头绪较多的事务)。如: ① The railway accident was a terrible affair. 那次火车事故是件可怕的事。 ② That’s my affair, not yours. 那是我的事, 不是你的。 ③ We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我们要关心国家大事。 Ⅱ. matter“事、事情” 是普通用语,常指我们所写到或谈到的事情,要考虑和处理的事情。 如: ① This is a matter I know little about. 这件事我不大知道。 ② I’ll ask some one about the matter.关于这件事我将去问问人。 ③ There are several matters to be considered. 有几件事情要考虑。 [注]:在口语中,be the matter 相当于 be wrong, 表发生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如: ① What’s the matter? 怎么啦? ② What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦? Ⅲ. business“生意、商业”产普通用语。它表“事情、事务”时,往往指一种任务、责任或 必须去做的事。此外, 它有时还含有轻蔑的意味。如: ① We don’t do much business with them. 我们跟他们没有多少生意来往。 ② It is a teacher’s business to help his pupils. 帮助学生是教师的责任。 ③ He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把为一位老大娘挑水当作自己的事。 ④ It’s not your business.这不是你的事。 [注]:这三个词有时可通用,但不能任意替换。如: Mind your own business.少管闲事。这里的 business 可用 affairs 替换,但不能用 matters. 12. afraid/ fear/ frightened Ⅰ. afraid “害怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接 of 短语或不定式,构成 be afraid of sb. 和 be afraid to do sth ① She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。 ② The little girl is afraid to go out at night. afraid +that clause “恐怕”, 是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。 如: ① I’m afraid (that) I can’t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我 弟弟病了。 Ⅱ. fear “害怕”是动词,与 be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)。如: ① We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。 ② He feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。③ Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉,我走去看他。 Ⅲ. frightened “受惊吓的、害怕的”可做表语,也可作定语。如: ① She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹。 ② A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭。 13. feel like / would like Ⅰ.feel like 与 would like 意思很相近,但 feel like 后面常跟名词;动名词。构成:feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词;动词不定式。构成:would like (to do) sth.的句式。如: ① I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。 ② Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步? ③ I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。 Ⅱ.feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”。如: ① It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。 14. after/behind “在……之后” Ⅰ. after “在……(时间)之后”; “在……(地点)之后”,指次序。如: ① He came after ten o’clock. 他十点以后来的。 ② Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他。 ③‘Against’ comes after ‘again’ in this cictionary.在这本字典中 ‘against’ 排在‘again’ 之后。 Ⅱ. behind 表地点时意为:在……后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。 ① The garden is behind the house. ② He stood behind me. ③ The train was behind time. 火车误点了。 ④ You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。 15. ago/before Ⅰ. ago adv. “……以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用。如: ① It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。 ② I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。 Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj “……以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而 ago 则不能这样用。 ① He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。(表从她说话那时起 两天前) ② I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。 ③ I’ve seen that film before. ④ I never met him before. 16. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on) Ⅰ. agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情(我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而 并不赞同的事情)。如: ① Do you agree to this plan? ② He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。 ③ I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。 Ⅱ. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致,也可表赞同某件事情。还有“(气 候、食物等)适合”之意。如: ① I quite agree with you.我很同意你。 ② Do you agree with me ? ③ I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。 ④ His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。 ⑤ Too much meat doesn’t agree with her. 吃太多肉对她身体不合适。 [注]:agree with 不能用于被动语态。 Ⅲ. agree on /upon “对……取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如: ① After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协 议。 ② They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。 [注]:此句型可转换成 agree in doing sth.如: ① All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。 17. at times / at all times / all the time Ⅰ. at times “不时;偶尔”如: ① The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。 ② I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。 Ⅱ.at all times.“随时;任何时候;总是” 如: He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。 Ⅲ. all the time “一直;始终” 其中 time 用单数形式。如: The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。 18. aim/ purpose Ⅰ. aim “目的”指抱有一种明确的目的,并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力。如: ① What’s your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么? ② The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的是实现共产主义。 Ⅱ. purpose “目的”指心中有打算,并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心。如: ① It was done with a definite purpose. 做这件事具有一个明确的目的。 ② For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在? 19. arise/ rise Ⅰ. rise “升起、起来”它表“起床”的意义时比 get up 正式 ,但不如 get up 常用。如: ① The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 ② The Chinese people have risen to their feet. 中国人民站起来了。 ③ He rises very early. 他起床很早。 Ⅱ. arise “出现、发生”。它虽然可表“升起、起来、起床等意思,但现在一般不用于此义,特别是在口语中。如: ① A new problem has arisen. 出现了一个新的问题。 ② How did the quarrel arise? 争吵是怎样发生的? 20. arms/ weapon Ⅰ. arms (pl) “武器”着重指用于战争的具体的武器,如枪、炮等。 如: ① The black people there have taken up arms to defend themselves. 那里的黑人已拿起武器自卫。 ② The soldiers had plenty of arms and ammunition! 士兵们有充足的武器和弹药。 ③ Lay down your arms! 放下(你们的)武器! Ⅱ. weapon “武器”单、复数形式都用。它意义比 arms 广泛,除指用于战争的各种武器之外,还指虽然不是为战争而制造,但可以用作进攻或防守的器具。如:槌、石子等。此外,weapon 还可以用于借喻。如: ① The atom bomb is a weapon of mass slaughter. 原子弹是一种大规模屠杀的武器。 ② Look to your weapons. 当心你的武器。 ③ A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 外国语是人生斗争的一种武器。 |
|
100% |
沙发#
发布于:2015-08-07 15:31
|
|
|
板凳#
发布于:2015-08-07 15:49
希望对你有帮助哦
|
|
|