[资料共享]初中英语宾语从句知识点（一）

if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：

　　If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.(时间状语从句)

　　I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)

　　从句中人称与标点的变化

　　1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：

　　“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

　　“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

　　2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号;主句是疑问句，用问号。如：

　　Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

　　Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

　　宾语从句的简化

　　1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

　　She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

　　2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

　　She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

　　3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如：

　　Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

　　宾主从句的时态变化

　　(1) 若主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句根据句子的意义使用需要的时态。如：

　　We don’t know who has broken the window. But we will find out who has done that.

　　Please tell me where we will go.

　　(2) 若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的某种过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。如：

　　He said: I’m a student. ----- He said that he was a student.

　　The teacher asked: What is Mike doing? ----- The teacher asked what Mike was doing.

　　(3) 若宾语从句叙述的是客观真理或永恒不变的规律，则应采用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。如： Our teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.