100%
形式
1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。例如: ① The dog is called Karl. ② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight. ③ He was found the right man for the job. 2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。例如: ① The door was painted white. ② The old man was found weak. ③ The classroom is always kept clean every day. 3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D 用作主语补足语。例如: ① He is often heard reading English. ② The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab. ③ The glass was found broken. ④ The classroom was found crowded with people. 4.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%84%9F%E5%AE%98%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BC%8F 用作主语补足语。例如: ① He was seen to come upstairs. ② Ice is known to be in a solid state. ③ The spy was ordered to be hanged. 5.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BB%8B%E8%AF%8D%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD 用作主语补足语。例如: ① The books in the study must be kept in good order. ② He was found in good health. ③ English is considered of great importance for us. 6. as后面接名词、形容词、https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D 等用作主语补足语。例如: ① English is taken as a useful means for research work. ② The news is considered as true. ③ The stool is usually thought as having four legs ④ The vase is thought as broken. 7. 由what引导的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E6%80%A7%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5 用作主语补足语。例如: The boy has been made what he is.
判别方法 1.看句中的动词是不是可接https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD ,而且是不是https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 ,与此同时还要看其后部分的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语。 2. 另一种最简单的方法是:如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改成https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 ,加上一个主语we或people等。改成主动语态后,看后面是不是变成了“宾语+https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD%E8%A1%A5%E8%B6%B3%E8%AF%AD ”了,这样我们就可以判别原句后面是不是主语补足语。例如: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%A5 :She was found reading in the library. (主语补足语) 主动句:We found her reading in the library. (宾语+宾语补足语) 被动语态 一、https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 的用法: 1.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%B6 的被动语态构成:is / am / are +https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E6%97%B6 的被动语态构成:was / were +及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E6%97%B6 的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 构成:has / have + been +https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%9D%A5%E6%97%B6 的被动语态构成:will+ be +及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%83%85%E6%80%81%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 构成:情态动词+ be +https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%97%B6 的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 构成:am / is / are + being +https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BC%8F 的被动语态:to + be +及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎样把https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 改成https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 ? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤: 1. 先找出https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D ; 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语; 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语; 4. 注意人称、https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81 和数的变化。 例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→The door must be locked when you leave. 三、 使用https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 应注意的几个问题: 1.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3.https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%84%9F%E5%AE%98%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 或https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BD%B9%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D 使用省略to的https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BC%8F ,https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 中不带to ,但变为https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 时,须加上to 。 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8F%8C%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD 的动词改为https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 时,https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD (物)作主语,那么动词后要用https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BB%8B%E8%AF%8D ,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD 用于https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81 时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%89%AF%E8%AF%8D 。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed atby us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. |
|
100% |
沙发#
发布于:2018-09-09 11:26
希望能帮助到你们
|
|
|