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主语与谓语的一致
英语句子的主语和谓语的一致性,是英汉两种语言的区别之一。具体说来有如下特征: 1, 谓语动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。如: Now the teacher comes into the classroom. 本句属一般现在时,主语the teacher 为第三人称单数,因而谓语动词come 应加s. One morming she was working at her desk in the library wher a boy came in. 本句属http://www.so.com/s?q=%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%8E%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E5%8F%A5&,主句用http://www.so.com/s?q=%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%97%B6&,从句为一般过去时;主句中主语she为第三人称单数,所以谓语为 was working. 1) 主语含有 and 时,如表示一个单一的http://www.so.com/s?q=%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&,谓语动词常用单数(特别是当and 连接的是两个http://www.so.com/s?q=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&时),否则用http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%A4%8D%E6%95%B0&。如: One and three is four. And 前后均为数字,表示同一个概念,谓语动词应用is. Tea and milk is my favourite drink. 本题中tea and milk 指一种饮料,故谓语用is。 Tom and Li Lei are my best friends. Tom 和 Li lei 是完全不同的http://www.so.com/s?q=%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA&,有不同的特征,因而谓语是are。 2) 主语为动词不定式时,其谓语常用单数形式。如: To give is better than to receive. It was difficult to see. It’s best to wear cool clothes. 同样,动名词作主语,谓语动词也为单数。http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD&阶段只学了一句: It (playing) is much better than having classes. 3) 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词视为单数。如: The best time to come to China is autumn. The weather in England never gets too hot. 4) 在姓的复数前加the 表示一家人,谓语动词为复数。如: What time do the Reads have breakfast? 主语是the Reads, 表示里得一家人,谓语动词用do….have. 5) 表示时间的http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%A4%8D%E6%95%B0%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&作主语,常作整体看待,其谓语动词为单数形式。如: Two months is quite a long time. 6) “几加几等于几”的算式中,谓语动词常为单数。如: Twenty and forty is sixty. 主 谓 7) 某些表示http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91&的名词作主语,无论其结尾是什么,谓语动词都视为单数。如: Maths is my favourite subject. 主 谓 8) each 以及由some,any,no,every 构成的复合代词作主语,谓语动词为单数。如: There’s something wrong with my ears! 谓 主 Everyone is going into class. 主 谓 9) what,who which 等词做主语,谓语动词形式视意思而定。如: What is this?(this 为单数,用is) What are these? (these 为复数,用are ) Which is your friend? 哪一个人是你的朋友? Which are your friends? 哪些人是你的朋友? 10) None 作主语,其谓语可以是单数,也可以是复数,此项目并非初中阶段重点,故此不谈。 11) People,Chinese, Japanese 作主语,谓语动词为复数。如: There are four people in my family. 谓 主 The chinese people are very friendly. 12) population 作主语,指“人口”时,谓语为单数;其前有表示数量的http://www.so.com/s?q=%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E8%AF%AD&时,谓语为复数;课本第三册只要求掌握作“人口”讲时谓语的情况: What’s the population of Germany? 谓 主 What was the population of the world in 1950? 谓 主 Half of the population of China are women. 修饰语 主 谓 2, 由 either …or 或neither …nor 连接的两个并列成分作主语,其谓语动词形式与后一个主语保持一致。如:Either Lily or Lucy is going to come.(Lily和Lucy 谁去都行。后一个主语Lucy 为第三人称单数,谓语用is going to come.) Either I or he does well in English. 我和他的英语都不错。 Neither I nor she likes swimming. 我和她都不喜欢游泳。 由these 和here 引出的含有不只一个主语的句子,其谓语动词形式由最靠近谓语的主语形式决定。如: These is a pen, two rulers and three books on the desk. Here are some cups,a glass and some pears on 句子的成分: 构成句子的基本成分叫做http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90%E6%88%90%E5%88%86&。句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语。它们可以由http://www.so.com/s?q=%E5%8D%95%E8%AF%8D&来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任。 |
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沙发#
发布于:2018-10-12 19:52
发的不好请别介意
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