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[精英教师分享]【英语被动语态】详细讲解,要考的知识点都在里头了

楼主#
更多 发布于:2021-11-15 14:55
很多同学在刚接触被动语态时,都觉得不难,但是,一到句型转换就会出现各种各样的问题。

为此,我们特别请到麻雪玲老师,为大家详细总结了被动语态的重难点,要考的知识都在这儿了,快来看看吧!


首先,麻老师特别强调了被动语态的重要性。

这部分是考试的必考内容,而且占的分值还不低。

大家可以看一下近五年的考题统计:

图片:2-1.png



对不同时态被动语态辨析的考查占了23.9%。
对情态动词被动语态的考察占了1.7%。


所以,作为考试必考点,不会怎么能行!


那么,什么是被动语态呢?


所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”

而它的表达结构也比较简单,请看下面的例句(注意划线部分):

The bridge was founded last year.
This book was written by her.
The classroom is cleaned by us.

通过上面的这些句子,我们可以看出,动词的被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成。其中,在不同的时态中,be动词有着不同的形式。而这种变化,是我们在学习被动语态时一定要掌握的关键点。

下面我就来说一下,不同时态下的助动词be都有哪些形式?怎么结合动词的过去分词组成被动语态?

这个表的内容,一定要记住哦~

图片:2-2.png



再来看几个例子。

例题1:
We plant many trees in spring every year. (变为被动语态) (2020 重庆月考)

答案:Many trees are planted by us in spring every year.

例题2:
1. My washing machine ______ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2020 安徽模拟)
A.is repaired            B.was repaired
C.has been repaired     D.is being repaired

答案:D

例题3:
1. 打字机已经被电脑取代。(2020 上海期末)
Type writers _______ _______ ______________ by computers.

答案:Type writers has been replaced by computers.

例题4:
1. 青少年应该被鼓励自己做决定。(2020 山东期末)
Teenagers should ______ ______________ to make their own decisions.

答案:Teenagers should be encouraged to make their own decisions.

结合表格再看例题,想必大家对被动语态的结构已经有些了解了。但在进行句式转换时,还是有不少同学会发蒙。

别急,麻老师告诉你四字箴言,记住了再不出错!

这四个字是:找,落,改,加。

举个例子:
The girl killed the mosquitos.
1:先找到主语 girl 宾语 mosquitos ,然后换位
The mosquitos_____ girl.
2:be done 落定
The mosquitos be killed the girl.
3:根据时态修改be
The mosquitos were killed the girl.
4:by+动作发出者(默认事实可省略by)
The mosquitos were killed by the girl.


最后,记住,不管时态怎样变,be done 的结构万变不离其中。


当然,主动变被动还是有些特殊情况的。

大家注意哦,一有特殊,肯定是丢分点,下面的内容,请大家慢慢看,消化理解吸收!

第一种情况:带双宾语的被动语态。

比如:He gave me a pencil.

这种情况下,我们一般是变间接宾语:I was given a pencil by him.

如果要变直接宾语,则要注意用to/for 连接间接宾语:A pencil was given to me by him .

第二种情况:有些感官动词(如:hear, see, watch, notice等),使役动词(如:make, let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。

比如:Mom made me do homework.
I was made to do homework by Mom.

第三种情况:有些动词如have(有), reach, cost,smell, taste, sound, feel等,不用于被动语态。

错误:Five dollars is cost by this book.
正确:This book costs five dollars.
这本书花费五美元。

第四种情况:系表结构表示的是一种状态,而不是被动。

比如:I am tired.
It tastes delicious.

注:「系表结构」指 系动词 + adj. 的结构,表示某人/物的状态、特点。系动词包括:be 动词,seem, appear,以及 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等被称作“感官动词”的词。

第五种情况:一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

比如:He listens to the radio every day.
The radio is listened to by him every day.

第六种情况:有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

① want/ need/ require + doing(动名词)
= want/ need/ require to be done
表示“需要做某事”

比如:My house wants decorating.
My house wants to be decorated.

② sell, wash, write 等动作跟 well, smoothly, easily 等与表现、性能有关的副词连用:

比如:This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。

好了,以上就是被动语态的相关内容了!

大家掌握得如何呢?

为大家准备了一些练习题,学完了测一测呀~(答案见沙发哦~)

图片:2-3.jpg

图片:2-4.jpg

图片:2-5.jpg


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沙发#
发布于:2021-11-15 15:01
一、单项选择
1-5:CBBBD  6-10:BCAAD
11-15: AABBB  16-17:CA
二、填空
A:
1. is played
2. are planted
3. is grown
4. is used
5. am  asked
B:
1. was built
2. were asked
3. was cleaned
4. was told
5. was  given
C:
1. be sent
2. be looked
3. be wended
4. be seen
5. be spoken
三、把下列句子变成被动语态
1. I was given a toy by father at Christmas./ A toy was given to me by my father at Christmas.
2. Tom is often helped by him when Tom is in trouble.
3. Machines are made by them in that factory.
4. The article will be finished by Linda tomorrow.
5. The garden has been watered by him.
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