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(一)一般现在时的语法讲解:
1). 当谓语动词是 be 动词时,根据主语的人称和数,分别用 am,is,are. 肯定句:主+be 动词+其它. e.g. I am in Nanyang. 否定句:主+be 动词+not+其它. e.g. He is not a teacher. 一般疑问句:-Be 动词+主语+其它? e.g. -Is he a teacher? -Yes, 主+be. / No, 主+be not. -Yes, he is. /No, he isn't. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be 动词+主语+其它? e.g. Where is he from? What is your name? 2).当谓语动词是实义动词时,分以下两种情况: A. 当主语不是单三时(I, you, they, we, A and B, 复数): 肯定句:主语+实义动词原形+其它. e.g. You like English. 否定句:主语+don't+实义动词原形+其它. e.g. You don't like English. 一般疑问句:-Do +主语+动原形+其它? e.g. -Do you like English? -Yes, 主语+do. /No,主语+don't. -Yes, I do./No, I don't. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+do+主语+动原形+其它? e.g. Where do you live? What do they want to do? B.当主语是单三时(he, she, it,某一个人,单数): 肯定句:主语+实义动词单三形式+其它. e.g. He likes English. 否定句:主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它. e.g. He doesn't like English. 一般疑问句:-Does +主语+动原+其它 -Yes, 主语+does. /No,主语+doesn't. e.g. -Does he like English? -Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+does+主语+动原形+其它? e.g. Where does he live? What does she want to do? (3)常见的时间状语 always, usually, often, sometimes,never,seldom( 频度副词) every week (day, year, month…), once a week, twice, on Sundays ( 二 )一般过去式 1、 概念:表示过去发生的动作、事件、情况,而现在已结束,也可以表示过去时间里经常性 或习惯性的动作,或主语过去的性格和能力。 2、 常见的时间状语 ①yesterday ,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening ②just now 刚才 in the past 过去 the day before yesterday 前天 ③ago 短语:a moment ago, an hour ago, three weeks ago, two months ago, 等 ④in+时间点:in 2000, in 1995, in 1880 ⑤last 短语:last week 上周/last year 去年/last month 上个月/last night 昨天晚上 一、记牢 谓语动词是be 动词时 肯定句:主语+was/were+其他。如:①She was at home last night. ②You were born on June 7 th. 否定句:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他。如:①She wasn’t at school today. ②They weren’t in Nanyang yesterday. 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他? Yes,主语+was/were. No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 如:Were you 12 last year? Yes ,I was. No ,I wasn’t.2 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他 如:Where were you born? I was born in June. 谓语 动词是实义动词时 肯定句:主语+实义动词的过去式+其他(时间、地点等)。 如:He played games yesterday. 否定句:主语+实义动词原形+其他 如: 一般疑问句:_____+主语+_____+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn’t. 如:Did you sing a song at the party? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+_____+主语+____+其他? 如:What did Sally do last night? ( 三 )现在进行式 1、 概念:表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 2、 谓语动词的结构:be(is, am, are)+ doing (动词的现在分词) (be 动词要与主语的人称和数保持一致) 3、 常见的时间状语: now, at the moment, at this time, 还有常见的标志词 look, listen 如: Look! She is singing! Listen! She is listening to the music. 4、现在进行时的句式 ①肯定句:主语+be 动词+现在分词+其他 My sister is watching TV now. ②否定句:主语+be 动词+not+现在分词+其他 My sister isn’t watching TV now. ③一般疑问句:Be +主语+doing+其他? Yes,主语+be/No,主语+be+not Are you watching TV now? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. Is she reading books? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+Ving+其他? 常用现在进行时的肯定陈述句回答。 What are you doing now? What is he/she doing now? What is KangKang doing now? What are they doing now? What are Wangli and Limei doing now? 4、 特殊的现在分词有(双写最后一个字母) plan, get, shop, run, begin, put, swim, stop , sit (口诀:他计划在商店里买了东西后放入游泳池中开始跑,然后停下来坐下。) 5 动词 go , come ,leave, fly 等可以使用现在进行时,表示按计划将要进行的动作: I’m coming. 我将来了。 Are you going to Nanyang tomorrow?明天你将去南阳吗? ( 四)语法精讲:过去进行时 1 概念:表示过去某个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 2 时间状语:(1)at 8 o’clock yesterday evening at 12 o’clock (2)from…..to….+yesterday 短语(等过去式时间状语) He was watching Tv from 7 to 9 last night. (3)at that time 在那时 at this time yesterday , all day 全天 (4)yesterday morning/afternoon/evening. The day before yesterday. Last year/month/week/night 这类时间状语既可以用于一般过去式,也可以用于过去进行时,要根据上下文情景判定谓语动词的时 态, He was reading a novels last night(昨晚他一直在读) He read a novel last night,(昨晚他看了一本小说) 用过去进行时强调动作进行的全过程,用一般过去式单纯说明动作完成的事实3 3 谓语动词的结构:was/were+v.ing(现在分词) 4 过去进行时句子结构 (1)肯定句:主语+was/were +v.ing+其他。(2)否定句:主语+was/were+not+其他。 (3)一般疑问句:Was/were+主语+v.ing+ 其他?Yes,主语+was/were No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序? What were they playing from 7 to 8 last night? 5 过去进行时常用与 when,while 引导的时间壮语从句中 We were playing when our teacher came in. (五)语法重点 一般将来时 1、定义:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态,常与将来的 时间状语连用。 2、表示将来的时间状语 (1) tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening( tomorrow 短语 ) (2) next time,next work/weekend,next year/month/Sunday(next 短语) (3)in 短语:in two minutes,in an hour 在一小时后,in two days 两天后 (4)soon 不久,later,in the future 将来 (5)tonight 今晚,this afternoon/evening……(还未发生的时间) 3、结构形式: (1) be going to+动词原型,表示计划、打算将来发生的动作 Eg:We are going to do some cleaning tomorrow. He is going to go swimming next week. 肯定句:主语+be going to+动原型+其他…… 一般疑问句:将 be 动词提前:Be+主语+going to+动原型+其他? Yes,主语+be/no.主语+be+not 否定句:主语+be+not+going to +动原型+其他…… Eg:Is Lucy going to go shopping this Sunday?Yes,she is./No,she isn’t. Lucy isn’t going to go shopping this Sunday (2)will+动词原形,表说话人对将来的看法,假设和推测 肯定句:主语+will+动原形+其它。Eg:He will go swimming next week. 否定句:主语+won’t+动原形+其它。Eg:He won’t go swimming next week. 疑问句:Will+主语+动原形+其它。Eg:Will he go swimming next week. (3) Shall+动原形(主语只能是第一人称 I,we) 肯定句:I/We+shall+动原形+其它。 否定句:I/We+shall not +动原形+其它。 一般疑问句:Shall I/we go shopping tomorrow? ( 六 )现在完成时: 1 概念: 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到 现在的动作或状态。 时间状语: since…,for…,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(几年来,这么多年来),主(现完)+since +从(一过),just(注意和 just now 的区别),so far, till now 2 基本结构: have/has + done 否定形式: have/has + not +done. 3 一般疑问句: have 或 has+主语+ done . Helen ________ in Nanjing for twenty years。4 (七)、过去完成时: 概念: 以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行 为,即“过去的过去”。 时间状语: by the end of last year(term, month…) ,by+过去的时间,主(过完)+before+从(一过) 基本结构: had + done. 否定形式: had + not + done. 一般疑问句: had 放于句首。 They ________ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be) The plane ___________ off before/when we got to the airport.(take) 八 过去将来时 1 概念: 立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2 时间状语: the next day(morning, year…) 3 基本结构: ① was/were/going to + do ;② would/should + do. 4 否定形式:① was/weren’t + going to + do; ② would/should + not + do. 5 一般疑问句:① was 或 were 放于句首;② would/should 提到句首。 Helen said she ________ to Shanghai the next month.(fly) |
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发布于:2021-04-15 20:24
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