[资料共享]高中英语常用短语及句型归纳 （2331个）

1．高考高频动词短语  

（1）act短语：4


act
as 担任……职务，起……作用        act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）
act
out 表演（对话、故事等）                 act
up 捣乱，出毛病
例如：
I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.
Mr. Black is acting for the old man in his case.  (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。)
The children were acting out the story of the birth of
Jesus.
He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.

（2）break短语：11


break
away 摆脱，脱离                            break
away from … 脱离……，奋力挣脱……
break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解
break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入    break into … 闯入……，破门而入            
break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止
break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发
break out in tears 突然大哭                       break the rule 违反规定
break through 突围，冲跨                   break
up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开          
例如:
The thief broke away from the police, but was later
caught.
If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner
or later.
The car broke down just on my way here.
If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.
If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm
will go off.
She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.
I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.
Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out?
It may take a long time to break through the problem.
In spring the icebergs begin to break up.

（3）bring短语：18


bring about 引起，导致，使发生              bring along 把……带来，领来
bring back 拿回来，使恢复                     bring
sb back 送回某人
bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒
（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）
bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下
bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价 [比较：(the
price ) go down / up 价格下降 /上涨]
bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收
bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进
bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出
bring
to 使苏醒
bring … to
use = put …to use 对……加以利用
bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）
bring up 抚养，培养，哺育                    
例如：
A huge amount of
environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the
rainforests.
You’re welcome to bring along a friend.
The government hopes these measures will help to bring
down inflation (通货膨胀).
American country music brings in more than $10 billion
each year.
This new kind of technology was brought in in the early
1980s.
Stress
can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses.
Jenny
opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.
He
was brought up by his grandparents.

（4）call短语：12


call
at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地）   [比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）]
call
back 回电话                                            
call
for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人
call / shout for help 呼救                           call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话          
call
off 取消                                            call
on / upon 号召          
call
out 大声呼喊，叫喊                          call sb…for short 简称某人……    
call sb names 谩骂某人                             call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召
例如：
We
called at Mike’s house yesterday.
All
ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.
I’ll
call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.
Let’s
call in a doctor for the little girl.
Many
of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.
I
shall call on him tomorrow.
I
heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.
Call
me up tomorrow; my number is 536291.
Your
letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.
Due
to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.

（5）come短语： 31


come
about 发生，产生                            come
across 偶然相遇
come
along 来，随同，进展，加油          come at … 向……袭击
come
back 回来，想起来，复活               come
down 下来，下落，传下    
come
down to… 到达，从一处来到另一处
come
for… 来拿，来取                        come
from… 来自，出生于  
come
in 进来，进入                          come into being 形成，产生            
come
into use 使用起来                      come off 脱落，从……离开            
come
on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
come
on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现
come
out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开
come
over to… 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方
come
round / around （非正式）来访，串门
come
to … 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒
come to an end 结束，终止                 come
to know 逐渐地知道          
come to life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来      come
to light 显露，为人所知
come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉
    come to / into power 当权，上台              
come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with… 甘心忍受                      
come
true 变为现实，成为事实
come
up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来
come
up to sb 朝某人走来
come
up with … 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上
例如：
A number of educational reforms have come about as a
result of the report.
I came across an old friend of mine in the street the
other day.
Your English is coming along really well.
Come along / on! Don’t give up yet!
Come along / on! We’re all waiting for you!
Suddenly,
he came at me with a knife.
Now,
let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.
It
is impossible for a dead animal to come back.
Snow
was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window.
The
airplane came down in that field.
Where does the film star come from, do you know?
Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).
The law first came into being in 1912.
By
the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.
How
long is it since the electronic computer came into use?
The button came off, but he didn’t notice it.
There
is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.
The
trees turn green and flowers come out.
This
magazine comes out once a month.
Why
don’t you come around / round for lunch?
Some
day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.
If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks
will be abandoned.
I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me
later.
The bill came to £480
 in total.
His
dream of becoming a film star came true at last.
A
child came up to me and showed me the way.
The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.
They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.
Searching
through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for.

（6）cut短语：9


cut away 切除，剪去                         cut
down 砍倒，砍下，削减
cut
in 插嘴，加塞，插入                    cut in line 插队                        
cut … into
pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成两半
cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应）       cut out 删除，剪下来
cut the cost of … 降低……的成本           cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉
例如：
He
cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.
A
lot of trees there were cut down in the past.
The
electricity was cut off because of the storm.
He
was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.
Could
you cut the pizza up, please?

（7）do短语： 31


do about 处理，应付        
                do and don’t 要与不要    
do
a good deed 做一件好事                  do
a lot of walking 走很多路    
do a test 做实验，做化验                     do
a word puzzle 猜字谜    
do an experiment / experiments 做实验     do away with 废除
do
body-building 做健身操                   do chores 处理琐事，干家务
do
housework 做家务活                          do make-up 化妆，打扮        
do observations 观察                             do one’s best 尽某人最大努力        
do
one’s homework 做作业                          do
research on… 从事……研究工作        
do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙                    
do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意
do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事
do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书

do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西
do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼
do sth in turn / by turns = take
turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事
do telephone interviews 进行电话采访
do
the laundry 洗衣服                      
do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好
do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头
do up the button 扣纽扣                                  
do
well / better in… 在……方面干得好/更好
do
with 处理，处置，对付                
do
wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）  
例如：
To
tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.
I’ll
have nothing to do with him from now on.
What
did you do with that camera you found?
The
poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.
Eat
more fruit; it will do good to you.
I
think I can do better in English this year than last year.
Liszt
said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.”
I’m
going to do my best this year.
I
was only trying to do a good deed.

（8）get短语：72


get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国
get a full mark / full marks 得满分            get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足
get at 意指，本意是                                 get around =
get about 四处走动，活动
get
away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离          get away
from 逃脱，逃离
get
back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还
get
close to 接近                                     get down 下来，降下
get
down on one’s knees 跪下                 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事）
get
in 进入，收获，达到                      get in a word 插话      
get
into… 进入……                                 get sb into… 使某人陷入
get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得  get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）    
get
on 上车，过活                                      get
on / along with… 进展，与……相处    
get on one’s feet （艰难地）站立起来     get out 离开，出去          
get
out of 逃避，避免                              get
over 克服，恢复，原谅                    
get
up 起床，起身                                    get across 理解，度过
get
through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）
get to 到达，抵达                                   get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着
get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领
get ready for 为……做准备
（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in
preparation for 为……做好了准备）
get
rid of 除掉，去掉                        get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for… 想到……的主意             get
the message across 传播信息
get
together 相聚，碰头，联欢                      
get / be used to sth 习惯于……，适应于……
（比较：be
used as sth 被用作……
be used for sth 被用于……，用来做……
be used to do sth 被用于做……
used to do sth 过去常常做）
get / be dressed 穿衣服                            
get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚
get / be lost 丢失了，迷路                        
get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚
get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难
get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣
（比较：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲倦）
例如：
I’m
getting on well with my classmates now.
How
are you getting along with your English?
He
got the book away from her.
The
bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
When
did you get back from the countryside?
Have
you got back the book you lent him?
“Get
down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.”
The
dust has got into my eyes.
This
mistake may get him into difficulties.
Before
I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening
suits.
If
you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.”
When
you are in London,
you might get in touch with a friend of mine.
The
conductor got off and checked the rails.
She
got on her bicycle and cycled off.
You
work too hard! You should get out a bit more.
If
you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.
We
all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.
It
took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).
I
telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.
She
felt so cold that she got close to her mother.
It’s
time we got down to work.
The
theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.
The
peasants are busy getting in the crops.
We
didn’t get up until lunch time.
He
got up and walked over to the window.

（9）give短语：20


give
away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发            
give
back 归还，送回                              give
in 投降，让步，屈服                      
give
off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等)
give
out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放           give over = hand over 转交，移交
give
up 放弃，辞去                                 give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of… 描述……                give / make a speech 演讲，讲话
give
a talk 演讲，做报告                          give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成
give close attention to 密切关注                give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗
give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳             give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助
give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼          give
sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人    
give sb some advice on sth / doing
sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告
例如：
In
those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.
Remember
not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret.
Both
sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.
If
they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.
When
they made ready to climb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their
oxygen had given out.
Our
English teacher is giving out the test papers.
Both
the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.
All
hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.
Mary
had to give up her job after her marriage.
Mr
Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.
Could
you give us some advice on reading?
If
you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.

（10）go短语：54


go abroad 出国                                        go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干
go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背
go
ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面   go / walk around 四处走走
go
away 走开，离去                                go
back 回去
go beyond 超越                                       go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去
go down 下来，落下，倒下                            go
down on one’s knees 跪下
go for 为……去，努力获取，主张，适用于    
go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行
go for a job interview 去面试找工作         go for a walk /
walks 散步          
go for sb 对某人也一样                          go in for 参加，喜欢
go into 详细调查                                     go
into details 细说
go
off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响            go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去
go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）
go on 发生，进行，继续                         go / be on diet 在节食                
go on (a) holiday 去度假                       go on a tour to 去……观光（游览）
go on a visit to 去……访问（参观）
go
on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）          
[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）
       go
on with sth 继续某事]
go
out 熄灭，出去 ，外出                       go
over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅
go past 从……的旁边过去                         go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登
go with… 与……相配                              
go
without 忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付
go shopping / fishing / sailing /
camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰
go
straight along 沿着……一直往前走
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查       go
through with 完成
go
to bed （上床）睡觉                           go
to school / work 上学/上班
go to sea 当水手                                      go to sleep 入睡
go to town 进城                                      go to a movie 去看电影
go to the country(side) 下乡                     go home /
there 回家/去那儿              
go
to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生        go bad 变坏
go
wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途
go
Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用
例如：    
No
one dared to go against the rules.
—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the
window?
—No, go ahead.
I
went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.
I’m
afraid the fish has gone bad.
Things
will get easier as time goes by.
He
went by quickly, taking no notice of us.
If
you really want the job, go for it!
Close
all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.
I
go in for all the competitions.
After
a short pause, Maria went on with her story.
Suddenly
the candle went out.
Once
again I went over exactly what I needed to say.
Let’s
go over what we learned last period.
Do
you want me to go through this and check your spellings?
Unemployment
in that country has gone up by a million.
It
is possible to go without food for a few days.
Something’s
gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.

（11）have短语：60


have
a break 休息一下                              have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来
have (got) a cold / cough / headache
/ fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧
have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈
[比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话
have
a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）与某人进行交流
have
a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话]
have a gift for… 对……有天赋（比较：have a reputation for… 有……名誉/名声）
have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途愉快
have a good knowledge of … 对……很熟悉，通晓……
have
a good laugh over… 对……笑了个够
have a good / great / wonderful time = have
(great) fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快
have a / the habit of …= be in a /
the habit of… 有……的习惯
（比较：get into / form the habit of… 养成……的习惯
        get
sb into the habit of… 使某人养成……的习惯）
have a hit 风靡一时                                  have a large population 人口众多      
have
/ take a look 看一看                          have
a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会
have a nice / pleasant trip /
journey 祝旅途愉快
have (got ) a pain (in the…) （身体某部位）痛
have a part-time job 做兼职工作               have
a (good) rest 休息
have / take a seat 坐下（比较：have / take
one’s seat 坐某人的座位）
have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼             have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食
have
a swim 游泳                              have a table
tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛
have
a test 进行测验                                 have
a try 试一试                                    
have / show an appetite for… 有……的欲望或爱好
have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定
have an effect on / upon… 对……有影响，对……产生作用
（比较：influence… = affect … 对……有影响
have no effect / influence on … 对……没有影响
have a good / bad effect on … 对……有好/坏影响
have
a great / little effect on … 对……有很大的影响/影响不大
have
a strong influence on… 对……有很大影响）
have / take an exam 参加考试                   have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光
have an income of … 有……的收入          
have access to … 使用（接近……的）权利或机会
have
breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
have lessons / classes 上课
have mercy on… 宽恕……，对……仁慈，对……表示怜悯      
have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事
have
none of … 根本不理睬……                have on 穿着                                          
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物             have / take
one’s medicine 服药，吃药
have some difficulty / trouble / problems with … 在……有困难/麻烦事
[比较：have some difficulty /
trouble / problems (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦]
have something /
nothing in common (with…) （与……）有共同点／没有共同之处
（比较：have much / a
lot in common with… 与……有许多相同之处
have little in common with… 与……几乎没有相同之处）
have
something / nothing to do with … 与……有关／无关
have to = have got to 不得不，必须          
例如：
Class
is over. Let’s have a break.
I’ve
got a cough.
Dad
and I had a good laugh over that.
They
are having a good time.
He
stopped to have a look.
We
are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.
Are
we going to have a meeting this week?
Here
is a tree. Let me have a rest.
Are
you going to have a swim？
We’ll
have a test tomorrow.
Where
is Peter? I want to have a word with him.
Does
she have lunch at home？
Then
it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
He
knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have
none of it.
We
have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
Most
of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.
I
noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.
Please
come here and have my seat, Granny.
He
hasn’t had any medicine.
At
three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.

（12）hold短语：8


hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会        hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住
hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气                hold
on 等一等，不要挂电话
hold on to 抓住，保住                             hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持
hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞    
hold together 连在一起，团结一致        
例如：
Anger
flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.
—Could I speak
to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.
The
little boy held out his hands.
I
think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.
Sorry,
I’m late. I was held up at work.

（13）keep短语：32


keep
away from 避开，别靠近                 keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止……向前，留下
keep down 控制                                       keep
off 勿踏，勿踩
keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物  
keep on 继续进行                                    keep out 不得入内                                          
keep…out 把……挡住，把……留在外面keep out of … 不进入……                    
keep
up 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落
keep
up with… = catch up with… 跟上，赶上  
keep a date 赴约                                       keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食
keep a record / records 保持记录              
keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾
（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）
keep
busy doing 忙着做某事                     keep fit 保持健康                
keep…in mind = learn…by heart =
remember… 把……记住
keep
(on) doing sth 继续不停地做某事
[比较：keep
sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事
keep … from doing 阻止……做，不让……做
stop / prevent… (from) doing 妨碍/预防/阻止……做，不让……做]
keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约）
keep one’s balance 保持平衡                     keep one’s
word(s) 遵守诺言      
keep safe 保持安全                                  keep silent over … 对……保持沉默
keep the same look 保持原貌                    keep watch 保持警戒，站岗              
例如：
I
would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.
Every
week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy
hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.
While
Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion
and with the earth.
He
kept on telling us the same story over and over.
You
may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his
words.
Danger!
Keep out!
Will
this overcoat keep the rain out?
It
is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.
The
rain kept up all night.
I
see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good
work.
The
good news keeps our spirits up.
He
walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.
Every
few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used
to keep watch.
There
is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”

（14）knock短语：5


knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）                knock down 把……撞倒，击倒
knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见    knock sb out (of sth) 淘汰某人                  knock over 撞翻，撞倒
例如：
We
knocked at / on the door but there was no one there.
He
was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.
Tom
entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White.
He
almost knocked into me before he realized it.
If
no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.

（15）look短语：24


look
at 看着，注视，检查  
look at oneself in the mirror =
admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子
look
after 照顾，照料，照看                    look
ahead 向前看，展望未来
look
around / about 四处看看，四下环顾  look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去            
look
back on… 回顾……，回忆……
look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事
look
for 寻找，找                                   look
in 来访，参观
look into… 往……里面看，浏览，调查，研究
look (right) into sb’s eyes 直视着
look like… 看起来像…… （比较：look the same 看起来像）
look
on 旁观，观望
look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防
look out for 警惕，留心，找出来             look
over… 翻阅，（仔细）检查              
look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习
look
up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻
look
up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视，轻视）
look / be worried 看上去/感到担心
例如：
The
boy is old enough to look after himself.
He
spent two weeks in Shanghai,
looking around / about the city.
We
are looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Join
us. Don’t just look on.
They
all looked on him as a member of their family.
Look
out! There is danger ahead.
I
shall look out that I don’t trust him again.
He
looked through his notes before writing the report.
Look
through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.
I
must look up the time of your train.
A
fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.
I’ve
always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.

（16）make短语：52


make
into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品）
[比较：be
made in 在……生产/制造
be made of 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化）
be made from 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化）
be made up of = consist
of 由……组成，由……构成]
make
out 理解，看清楚
make
up 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成
make
up for 弥补，补充，补偿                made up one’s mind 下决心
make a choice 做出选择                           make a commitment 承诺，保证
make a comment / comments (on /
upon…) （对……）发表评论
make a (great) contribution to… 为……做出（巨大）贡献，为……捐款
make a decision 做出决定             make a (no) difference （没）有关系/影响
make a face / faces 扮鬼脸                        make a fire 生火        
make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集
make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of … 愚弄）
make / leave / create a good
impression (on sb) （给某人）留下好印象
make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误
make (a) noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音
make a note / notes of… 记录，做笔记 ，记下来
make a plan (for… ) （为……）制订计划，制订一个（……的）计划
make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要
make a promise 承诺                        
make a record 录制唱片，做记录
（比较：record a song 录一首歌                            
        set
a world record 创造世界记录）
make (a) suggestion (on …) 提出（关于……）的建议
make a telephone call 打电话                    make
/ take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行
make conversation 交谈                            make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵
make friends with sb 与某人交朋友           make fun of… 取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑
make it（事业上）获得成功                            
make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某人为笑柄
make mistake about… 犯了……错误          make
/ earn money 挣钱
make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气      make oneself known 使/让自己出名
make one’s way to… 往……走去 make progress (in …) （在……方面）取得进步
make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通       make sense of… 弄懂……的意思
make sth to (one’s own) measure （按自己的尺寸）定做
make sure 确保，确认，查明
make the adjustment to… 适应……            make the / one’s bed 整理床铺                        
make
(full) use of …= make the most / best of … (充分)利用
例如：
Bamboo
is also made into paper.
Our
desks and chairs are made of wood.
The
paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.
This
engine is made up of 490 parts.
The
actor made himself up for the part of an old man.
These
days many girls make up when they are still quite young.
She
made up a good lunch from bits and pieces.
There
isn’t any little girl called Kitty here. He has just made her up.
Hard
work can often make up for lack of intelligence.
Everyone
should make full use of time.
But
wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.
I
have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.
They
made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.

（17）pass短语：9


pass
away 去世，死（委婉说法）            pass by 通过，从旁边经过
pass
down 传下来，流传，使世代相传 ，一代一代传下去
pass
on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人)
pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来
pass
out 失去知觉，昏厥                          pass through 穿过，越过
pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上
pass the examination 通过考试
例如：
Dr
Johnson passed away last night.
They
all waved to us as they passed by.
The
tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.
She
said she’d pass the message on to the other students.
I
nearly passed out when I saw the blood.

（18）pay短语：8


pay attention to … 对……注意，留心……
pay a visit to sb / a place 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地）
pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复              
pay for 付款，付费，付代价 （比较：pay a high price for … 付高价）
pay off 还清（欠款）                              
pay sb a visit 拜访某人
pay the bill 买单，付帐单
例如：
He
promised to pay the money back by Friday.
The
old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.
After
ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.

（19）pick短语：2


pick out 挑选，认出
pick up 拾起，接收，学会（语言），开车去接，康复，购买（便宜商品）
例如：
His
story was picked out as the best by the judges.
The
phone rang and I picked it up.
I’ll
pick you up at the station.
I
managed to pick up an American news broadcast.
After
a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.
I
picked up the unusual stamp by accident.
I
picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.

（20）put短语：18


put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来
put
down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下
put forward 提出，建议，推荐                 put off 延期，拖延
put
on （戏）上演，放（唱片），穿戴    put on a performance 演出
put
out 扑灭，熄灭，使……停止燃烧，伸出，出版，生产
put
up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建立
put
up with 忍受，容忍                           put
into 使进入，输入，投入
put／translate…into 把……译成         put one’s heart into… 全神贯注于……
put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱      put
…to use 使用……，运用……        
put a date to sth 注明日期
（比较：set / fix the date 确定日期
        to date 到目前为止）
put an end to … 结束……                          put …together 把……放在一起
例如：
We
put away the tools before we leave the workshop.
All
the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）.
Never
put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
We
are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.
The
firemen soon put the fire out.
The
doctor told me to put out my tongue.
It’s
time that we put up the Christmas decorations（装饰物）in the living
room.
Drop
your weapons and put your hands up.
Another
supermarket has been put up near our house.
I
can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.
The
government is putting more money into education this year.
As
students, we should put our heart into studies.
（21）send短语：7
send
away 让走开                                    send
for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来
send in 寄送某处进行处理                       send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等）
send up 发射，射出，往上送                   send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉
send signals by … 通过……发送信号  
例如：
Get
back into bed. I’ll send for the doctor.
The
ship is in danger; it is sending out an SOS signal.
The
rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.

（22）set短语：16


set
down 放下，记下                         set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起
set
out (for…) 出发往（……），动身去（……）
set
out to do 开始做，着手做                   set
up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起
set /give a (good) example to… 为……树立（好）榜样
set a goal 设定目标                           set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧
set foot on / in… 踏上……，到达，进入   set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做
set sail for 起航去……                       set
sail from 从……起航
set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样
set
sb free 释放某人，解放某人                      
例如：
As
soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room.
Try
to set aside some time each day for exercise.
They’ve
set off on a trip round the world.
Together
the four men set out to look for the lost animal.
He
set out to write a history of civilization（文明）.
We’ll
certainly set up a complete modern industrial system.
A
few scarecrows（稻草人）were set up in the field.
Let’s
set up the tent first, and build the fire later.
The
police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night.
He
was set free after three years in prison.

Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all.



（23）stand短语：7


stand by sb = support sb = take
sb’s side 支持某人
stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/拥护，为……的候选人
stand out 突出，显眼                               stand up 起立，站起来
stand still = stay still 站着不动
例如：
CPC
stands for the Communist Party of China.
Stand
still, and let me take a picture of you.

（24）take短语：71


take
after 与某人相像                               take
along 带领，携带
take … apart = separate … 把……分开       take away 拿走，拿去，使离开                
take away from… 从……带／拿走             take back 退回，拿回，收回                    
take
down 拿下，记下，记录                   take
for… 当作……，误以为是……          
take
in 吸收，接纳，上当
take off （飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销
take on 呈现                                                  take out 拿出，取出
take
over 继承，接管，接替
take
up 从事，开始，专注于，占去（时间、空间、地位等）
take a bank loan 向银行贷款                     take a bath 洗澡                                      
take a chance / chances 碰运气，冒险        
take a critical attitude towards… 对……持批判态度
take a few deep breaths 深呼吸              take
/ have a degree in … 取得……学位
take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育
take a message (to sb) （给某人）捎个口信
比较：leave a message (to sb) （给某人）留个口信
take a photo (of …) （给……）照相，拍（……）照片
take a risk / risks 冒险                            take
a shower 沐浴，洗澡
take a sip 呡一小口                                  take
a taxi to... = go to ...by taxi 乘出租车
take a walk / ride / holiday 散步／兜风／休假
take (an) interest in … 对……感兴趣
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2．以介词或副词为中心的动词短语（便于强化记忆）



（l）动词+about  8


speak／talk about  谈论
think about  思考
care about  关心，对……有兴趣
bring about  引起，使发生
set about  着手，开始
come about  发生
hear about  听说
worry about  为……担心

（2）动词+at   18


aim at  向……瞄准，旨在
run at  冲向，向……攻击
call at  拜访(地点)
tear at  用力撕
look at  看，注视
work at  干……活动（研究）
come at  向……袭击
shout at  冲(某人)嚷嚷
stare at  凝视
glare at  怒视
glance at  匆匆一瞥
laugh at  嘲笑
knock at  敲（门、窗等）
point at  指向
smile at  冲（某人）笑
strike at  向……打击
shoot at  向……射击
wonder at  惊讶

（3）动词+away   14


die away  逐渐消失
put away  收拾起来，存起来  
pass away  去世
wash away  冲走
take away  拿走
give away  背弃，泄漏
send away  让走开
turn away  把……打发走
wear away  磨掉，消耗
throw away  扔掉
blow away  吹走
carry away  拿走，使入迷
clear away  清除掉，消散
break away  摆脱

（4）动词+back   7


keep back  隐瞒，忍住
hold back  控制住
give back  归还
call back  回电话
take back  拿回，收回
look back(on)  回顾

（5）动词+down   13


cut down  削减，砍倒
put down  记下，写下，镇压
take down  记下，记录
turn down  调小，拒绝
slow down  慢下来
pass down  传下来
calm down  平静下来  
burn down  烧毁
tear down  拆毁，拆除  
come down  下落，传下
break down  坏了，垮了，分解
bring down  使……降低，使倒下
settle down  安家

（6）动词+from  10


die from  因……而死
hear from  收到……来信
learn from  向……学习
differ from  与……不同
suffer from  受……苦
result from  由于
separate…from  把……分离开
keep／stop／prevent…from  不让……做
date from=date back to  始于……时期，追溯到

（7）动词+for   18


run for  竞选
ask for  要求得到
beg for  乞求
wait for  等候
look for  寻找
call for  需要，要求
hunt for  寻找
long for  渴望
care for  关心，喜欢
seek for  寻找
come for  来拿，来取
apply for  申请  
stand for  代表，表示
search for  查找
change…for  用……换
charge…for  收费，要价
take…for  误以为……是
hope/wish for  希望得到

（8）动词十in   15


get in  收获，进入
fill in  填写
cut in  插入
join in  参加
look in  来访，参观
hand in  上交
drop in  拜访
give in  让步
take in  接纳，吸收
call in  召集，来访
bring in  引进，使得到收入
break in  强制进入，插话
result in  导致
succeed in  在……获成功
persist in  坚持

（9）动词十into   7


run into  碰到
look into  研究，调查，往里面看
burst into  闯入，进发
turn into  变成
change…into  把……变成
divide…into  把……分成
put／translate…into  把……译成

（l0）动词+of    10


die of  死于
talk of  谈到
hear of  听说
think of  想到
dream of  梦到
speak of  谈到
consist of  由……组成
approve of  赞成
complain of  抱怨
become of  发生……情况，怎么啦

（l1）动词+out    29


go out  熄灭
set out  出发，着手
try out  试用，试验
put out  扑灭
run out  用完
let out  泄漏，发出(声音)
pick out  选出
hold out  坚持下去
wear out  穿破，使……疲劳
make out  理解，看清楚
keep out(of)  使不进入，挡住
find out  查出，弄明白
work out  算出，想出办法等
send out  发出，派遣
give out  散发，分发，用完
look out  当心，提防
hand out  散发，分发
help out  救助
turn out  结果是，生产
come out  出版，出来
cross out  划掉
burst out  进发
carry out  执行
break out  爆发
point out  指出
figure out  算出
bring out  阐明，使表现出
leave out  省略，删掉
speak out  大胆讲出

（l2）动词+over   10


go over  审阅，检查，研究
get over  克服
run over  压死，看一遍
take over  接管，接替
turn over  翻倒，细想
fall over  跌倒，摔倒
roll over  翻滚
look over  翻阅，检查
think over  仔细考虑
watch over  看守，照看

（l3）动词十to  20


add to  增添
get to  到达
see to  处理，料理
turn to  向……求助，查阅
come to  共计，苏醒
lead to  导致，通向
reply to  答复
refer to  谈到，涉及，参阅
bring to  使苏醒
agree to  同意
object to  反对
point to  指向
write to  写信给
relate to  理解，同情，涉及，（与……）有关
attend to  处理
belong to  属于
supply…to  为……提供
devote…to  贡献给
stick／hold／keep to  坚持，忠于
compare…to  与……相比，把……比作

（l4）三词以上的短语动词   27


do well in  在……干得好
make up for  弥补
look down on / upon  轻视
break away from  摆脱
keep away from  避开，别靠近
do away with  废除
put up with  忍受
catch up with = keep up with 赶上
fill up with  用……装满
go on with  继续
get on / along with  和……相处
look forward to  盼望
look up to  仰望，尊敬
add up to  总计
live up to  依据……行事；做到；不辜负（期望）
get close to  接近
get down to  认真开始
set fire to  放火烧
pay attention to  注意
pay a visit to  访问
take / get / catch hold of  握住
run out of  用完
get out of  逃避，避免
take notice of  注意
take a photo of  拍……照片
take the place of  取代
set an example to  为……树立榜样

3、其他常用短语（按字母表顺序）



（1）Aa    256


a balance diet 均衡饮食                       a best-seller 畅销书      
a bit = a little = a little bit 少许，一点儿，有点儿，稍微
a bit of 一点，少量（修饰不可数名词）
[ 比较：a few 一些，少量（修饰可数名词）
a great deal of 许多（修饰不可数名词）
a
great / good many = scores of 许多，大量（修饰可数名词）
a
handful of 一把，少量的，少数（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a large / great amount of = large amounts of 许多（修饰不可数名词）
a large quantity of = large quantities of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a lot of = lots of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a
mass of = masses of 大量，许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a (large / great) number of = large / huge numbers of 大量的，许多（修饰可数名词）
plenty
of 大量的，很多，足够的（修饰可数或不可数名词）
a bunch of flowers 一束花                        a
cloud of 一团
a couple of 一对/双，两三个，一些，几个
a couple of days / weeks 两三天/周            a
cup of 一杯
a day or two = one or two days 一两天              a deserted
island 荒岛
a healthy diet = a diet of healthy food(s) 健康的饮食
a highly-developed country 高度发达的国家    
a kind of 一种，一类                               a laid-off worker 下岗工人
a large sum of money 一大笔钱                 a
length of … 长……            
a list of 一张……的清单                            a
live concert 现场直播的音乐会              
a natural disaster 自然灾害                        a
packet of 一盒，一捆，一包    
a pair of 一双，一副                                a piece of 一件，一块，一张            
a row of 一排，一行                                     a series of 一系列的，一连串，一套
a set of 一套，一副                                  a shortage of teachers 教师资源的缺乏
a third of = one third of 三分之一                    a total failure 一个彻底的失败者      
a total of 总数（量）为                            a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行                
a variety of = varieties
of = various 种种的，种类繁多的
a waste of (time) 白费(时间)，浪费(时间) a man of name 知名人士
a world of magic and wonders 充满魔力和神奇的世界
after all 毕竟，终究                                after
a short while 不久以后，没多久        
after a time 一段时间以后                        after class / work
/ school 下课/下班/放学之后
all alone = all by oneself 独自，独立         all at once = all of
a sudden 突然，忽然
all day = all day long 全天，终日                     all
in all 总共，总的来说
all kinds / sorts of 各种各样的                  all
night long 整夜，通宵                  
all one’s life 终身，一生                          all
over 到处，遍及，结束
all over the world / country = throughout the world / country 整个世界/全国
all right 好吧，行了，（病）好了             all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意
all the same 一样，同样的                        all the time 一直
all the way 一路上，一直                         all
together 一起，总共      
all (the) year round = all through
the year= throughout the year 一年四季，一年到头
an invitation to… 一张……的请柬/请贴     an
expert on … ……方面的专家  
as a consequence / result 结果，因此
as a consequence / result of 作为（……的）结果，由于……的结果
as a whole 普遍来说，作为整体               as … as 像，如同                      
as … as possible = as…as one can 尽可能……地
as far as （表示程度，范围）就/尽……（=so far as），远至
as far as I know 就我所知，据我所知              as
follows如下（用以列举事项）
as if = as though 好像，似乎，仿佛（比较：even if = even though 虽然，即使，尽管）
as long as 只要（= so long as引导条件状语从句），长达
as much / many as 多达                                   as
soon as 一……就……
as soon as possible 尽快，尽可能早地       as to / for 至于，关于，就……而言
as usual 像往常一样                                 as well 也/还有(=
too)，同样地，例外      
as well as = together with = and 也，以及，和，还，而且
as with ... 也一样，就像……                    
at all 根本（否定句），到底（疑问句），竟然（条件从句）
at a loss 茫然，不知所措                          at an early age 年轻时
at any moment / time 随时                
[ 比较：after a moment = after a while / minute 过了一会儿
        a moment ago = just now 刚才，不久以前
a moment later 片刻之后
at
the moment = at the time 此刻，现在，在那时
        at the very moment 就在那一刹那
        for a
moment = for a while / minute 一会儿
        for the moment = for the time being 暂时，目前
in a moment = in a while /minute / second 过一会儿，立刻，马上
the moment / minute (that) ... 一……就 ……]
at any risk 不顾一切
[比较：at
risk 处于危险中
       at the risk of (doing sth) 冒着（可能做某事）的危险
       take / run a risk / risks 冒险
       risk
one’s life (to do sth) 冒着生命危险（做某事）
       risk
doing sth 冒险做某事）]
at birth 出生时，一生下来就                    at
breakfast 在吃早饭                              
at hand 近在手边，在附近                       at
home 在家                                          
(at) home and abroad 在国内外                 at
last 终于，最后                                    
at length 最后，终于，详细地                  at midnight 在半夜
at night 在夜里，天黑时                          at
noon 在中午
at once = right away = right now 马上，立即
at one go 一口气                                      at present
= at the present time 现在, 目前
at sea 在海上，航海中，茫然
（比较：by sea 乘船
        by the sea 在海边
        in the sea 在海里
       on the sea 在海面上）
at stake 在危险中                                     at
such a great height 在如此高的高度              
at table 在吃饭（比较：at the table 在桌前）
at times 偶尔，有时
（比较：at that time 那时                        
at
the same time = meanwhile 同时            
at
the correct / wrong / best time of year 在一年里合适/不合适/最佳时候）
at various academic levels 不同的学术层次
at war 处于战争/交战状态                        at
work 忙于工作
at the age of ... 在……岁的时候                 at the art festival 在艺术节上，在艺术节期间
at the base 在底部
at the (very) beginning of ... 在……开始时，在……之初
at the bottom of 在……下端/底部        at
the cost of 以……为代价          
at the end of 在……末端，到……结束时
at the foot of 在……的脚下                       at
the front desk 在前台，在服务台          
at the head of 在……最前面                       at a high /low price 以高/低价
at the latest 最迟                
at (the) least 至少 [比较：at
(the) most 最多]
at the mercy of 任由……摆布/控制，在……的掌握中
at the opening /closing (ceremony)
of ... 在……开/闭幕式上
at the rate of 以……的比率                        at the side of 在……的旁边  
at the speed of 以……速度 （比较：at full / high speed 高速）
at the top of one’s voice 大声地                 at the weekend 在周末  
accept … as… 认为……是……，承认……是……，把……当作……
[比较：regard
… as… 认为……是
      treat … as…把…… 当作
      recognize … as… 认为……是……
  
    view / see / know … as… 认为……是……
      consider … as … / consider … (to be…) 认为……是……
      look on … as… 视……为
      refer to … as… 把……视为
think of… as… / think … (to be…) 认为……是……]
accept sb’s apology 接受某人的道歉
accuse sb of sth / doing sth 指控某人为……/ 做某事
achieve one’s goal 达到目的                      achieve success 获得成功
act as 担任，充当                                    adapt
to （改变以）适应
adapt oneself to 使自己适应于                 adapt to the new environment 适应新环境  
add
to 增加，添加                                  add …to… 把……加到……上
add
up 加起来                                        add up to 总计达到
adjust to （调整以）适应                  adjust to these extreme conditions 适应极限条件
advance the deadline 提前最后期限           advance
towards… 朝……前进
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
agree with sb / sb’s opinion / sb’s idea 同意某人（意见，看法），与某人看法一致
[ 比较：agree
on sth 对……达成共识
agree to (the plan) 同意（计划等）]
aim
at 向……瞄准，旨在，针对                allow for 顾及，为……做准备
answer for… 对……负责                          
apologize to sb (for sth) = make an
apology to sb (for sth) （因某事）向某人道歉
appeal to 有吸引力，呼吁，上诉              appeal to their
emotions 投合他们的喜好
apply for 申请，请求                               apply
to 应用，适用                  
appoint sb as… 任命某人当……                 approve of 赞成
argue about 争论某事                        argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人争执/争论
arrive in / at 到达某地                              ask after sb 问候某人                              
ask
for 要求得到                                     ask for a
day off 请一天假
ask for a leave 请假                                  associate…with… 把……与……联系起来
attach to 加在……之上，使喜爱，使依恋，参加，附着
attempt to do sth 试图做某事                    attend
school / university 上学/上大学
attend the meeting 出席会议                            attend
to 处理，照顾，关照，倾听
attract / draw / call sb’s attention 吸引某人注意
above all 首要的是，尤其是                     according to 根据
action film / movie 动作片                        advanced mathematics 高等数学
again and again 一次又一次，一再，反复
against the wall 靠着墙
ahead of… 优于，超过，比……早，在……的前面
alarm clock 闹钟                                      along
with… 和……一起
and so on 等等                                        and things like that ……之类的东西
another day 改天                                      any
more 再，又
apart from 除……都，除……以外              
around the corner 在拐角处，即将来临    
（比较：on
the way = in store 即将来临
draw near 即将来临，就要来临，逼近 ）

（2）Bb   236


be after 寻找，追踪，追求                       be
/act against 违背，违反，反对
be from 从……来，是……人               be next to 在……隔壁，紧挨着……
be off / leaving 离开                                 be
out （灯火）熄灭，（人）外出
be out of 没有，用完                               be up 起床
be up against 面对                                    be up to sb 由某人决定      
be up to sth 忙于某事，从事于                 be upon 逼近，临近
be anxious about … 为……而忧虑/着急/担心
（比较：be anxious for … 渴望，非常希望
be
concerned about / for… 为……而忧虑/着急/担心
        be
concerned about / with… 对……关切/关注/感兴趣）
be careful about / of / with sth 注意，留意，当心
[比较：be
careful (not) to do sth 小心（不）做某事]
be clear about 对……清楚                         be
crazy about 对……着迷
be curious about = have the
curiosity about 对……感到好奇
be excited about 对…… 感到兴奋              be particular about 对……挑剔
be amazed at 为……感到惊讶                    be
experienced at 对……有经验                
be present at 出席                                     be shocked at 对……感到震惊
be common for 对……来说是很普通的      
be eager for … = long for… = be dying
for… 渴望得到……
（比较：be eager to do sth 急着想做某事）
be famous for 因……而闻名，由于……而出名
（比较：be famous as 作为……而闻名
be
famous to 对……来说很出名）
be fit for = be suitable for 适合
be good / bad for sb 对……有好处/坏处
（比较：be good at 善于……，擅长于……，在……方面做得好
be
good to sb 对某人友好
do good to sb = do sb good 对某人有好处
do harm to sb = do sb harm = harm sb = be harmful to sb 对某人有害，伤害某人）
be honored for… 因……受到尊敬              be intended for 为了
be late for 迟到（比较：be late with sth 某事做得晚）
be to blame for 因……受到责备                 be carved in rock 被刻在岩石上
be caught in (a
rain / a traffic jam / the earthquake) 突然/偶然遇到（雨/交通堵塞/地震）
be confident in 在……方面自信                 be effective in 在……方面有效                
be fluent in (a language) 在（某一门语言）方面很流利
be lost in = lose oneself in 沉浸于，沉醉于be
poor / low in 在……方面不足
be quick in mind and action 思维敏捷行动迅速
be rich / high in 在……方面丰富               be set in 以……为背景                
be strong in heart and mind 意志坚强，头脑聪明
be trapped in 被困在……（比较：be trapped by 被……所困）
be afraid of = be terrified of 害怕，恐惧（比较：be afraid to do 害怕去做，不敢做）
be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧/惭愧          be
aware of 意识到，知道                        
be fond of = care for = like = enjoy 爱好，喜欢
be full of = be filled with 充满了，装满    be jealous
of 嫉妒
be short of = be lacking in 缺乏，缺少      be sure of / about 对……有把握
be uncertain of / about 对……没把握          be
accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于……
be addicted to 沉溺于                              
be loyal to = be faithful to = be
devoted to 忠诚于
be opened to 向……开放
be reduced to 30% 减少到百分之30%（指最后的结果）
[比较：be reduced by 30% 减少了百分之30%（指与原来相对而言）]
be similar to 与……相似，与……相像 be
angry with sb for sth 因某事生某人的气      
be armed with 以……武装                         be
burdened with 为……所累
be busy with sth 忙于某事
（比较：be
busy doing sth 忙于做某事
be
occupied with sth 忙于某事
be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事）
be covered with / by 被……所覆盖             be
crowded with 挤/塞满了……
be diagnosed with 被诊断为                      
be equipped with 具有，装有……设备，为……做好准备
be faced with 面临……，面对……              be
familiar with 对……很熟悉                  
be fed up with 对……感到厌倦                  be honest with 对……诚实
be mean with 对……吝啬                          
be pleased / satisfied with 对……感到满意
（比较：be content with 对……感到满意，满足于……
be
content to do sth 愿意做某事）
be popular with 受到……的欢迎
             be pressed with 被刻印/铸压上                  
be strict with sb 对某人严格要求       （比较：be strict in sth 对某事严格要求）
be surrounded with / by 被……围绕           be about to do sth 正要做某事                  
be delighted to do sth 高兴做某事            
be determined to do = determine / decide to do sth 决心做……
be due to do sth 预定/到期应该做某事（比较：due to sth 因为/由于……）
be forced to do sth 被迫做某事                 be
free to do sth 任意去做，悉听尊便              
be likely to do sth 很有可能做某事           be supposed to do 被认为/被期望/应该做某事
be willing to do = like to do 愿意做某事    be able to do 能，会                          
be absent from 缺席，旷课                       be
asleep 睡着（比较：be
awake 醒着）  
be awarded a Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖    
be badly off 潦倒，贫困（比较：be well off 富有）
be badly treated 受到虐待                         be
born 出生，出世
be / become endangered 频临危险            
be in contact with 与……有交往
（比较：make contact with 与……联络
lose / break contact with 与……失去联系
lose touch with = be out of touch with 与……失去联系
be in touch with = stay / keep in touch with 与……保持联系
get in touch with = get into contact with sb 与……取得联系
bring
… into touch with 使……接触，使……认识
keep
track of… 与……保持联系，了解……的动态，记录……）
be in possession of = take
possession of 持有，拥有，占有，占领
（比较：be in sb’s possession = be in the possession
of sb 被某人占有/拥有
        come into sb’s possession 被某人占有/拥有）
be in the charge of 在某人的掌管下，由某人经营/照顾
（比较：be in charge of 掌管，管理，照顾）
be mentally disturbed 精神失常                 be
of benefit 有利的，有好处的        
be of (no) effect 有（无）效
be of different sizes / weights / shapes 大小不一/重量不同/形状各异
（比较：be of the same size / weight / shape 大小/重量/形状相同）
be
of great importance / value 非常重要，有重要性
be of high / good quality 高质量的（比较：be of poor quality 质量糟糕的）
be of (no) use 有（无）用                       be on good terms (with sb) 与某人关系好
be stressed out 紧张的，有压力的             be
upset 沮丧，伤心    
be well received 很受欢迎                        be (well) worth doing（很）值得做
[比较：be
worthy of sth / of being done / to be done 值得（做）……]
by accident = by
chance 偶然地, 碰巧，意外
by air / boat / bus / train 乘坐飞机/小船/公共汽车/火车
by and by 不久以后，逐渐地                   by
appointment 按约定              
by choice 出于选择（比较：for choice 要选就选）
by day / night 白天/ 晚上                         by
fax 通过传真  
by force 靠武力                                       by hand = with one’s hands 手工
by law 根据法律                                      by
mail 通过邮寄                                    
by means of (doing) sth 通过，借助于……手段
（比较：by all means = in all ways 不惜一切
by no means = in no way 决不，一点也不
by this means = in this way 用这种方法）
by mistake = in
error 由于错误或疏忽，错误地
by weight 按重量计算（比较：by
the hour / day 按小时/天计算）
by the end of 到……结束为止，到……底为止
by the nearest exit 从最近的出口出去        by
the side of 在……附近
by the time 到……的时候（后接状语从句）
by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下
[ 比较：by way of … 经由，经过, 通过……的方法
in a
way = in one way = in some way 在某种程度上
in
no way 决不, 一点也不
in the / sb’s way 挡道，妨碍
in
this / that way 以这种/那种方式，这样／那样
in …
way = in the way of 以……的方式
this / that way 这样/那样（直接做状语）
on
one’s way here / there / home (adv.) 在（到这里/去那里/回家）的路上
on
one’s way to doing sth 即将做某事
on
one’s way to someplace (n.) 在去某地的路上
on
the way 在路上，在来/去的行进中
on
the way home 在回家的路上，即将来临
out
of the way 不挡道
feel
one’s way 摸索着道路（前进）
fight
one’s way 挣扎着前进，经（奋斗或努力）开路或获得（某事物）
find
one’s way to 设法找到去……的路
lose
one’s way 迷路
make one’s way to 朝……走去
push
one’s way 挤过去
struggle
one’s way 艰难地行进]
base on sth 以……为基础（比较：be based on / upon 以……为基础）
beg
for 乞求                                                  become
of 发生……情况，怎么啦
believe in 信赖，信任，信仰 (真理，宗教，原则)，支持，赞成
bend over 弯腰，俯身
benefit from = profit by / from 从……吸取教训，从……中获益
blow
away 吹走                                       blow
out 吹灭
blow the fire off 熄火，把火吹灭             brush
one’s teeth 刷牙
build up 逐步建立，增进，增加，加强，扩大
burden sb / oneself with sth 加负担于某人 / 自己
burn
down 烧毁，烧成平地                      burn
down… to the ground 把……烧成平地
burn up 消耗，烧掉                                 burst into 闯入，突然破门而入
burst into sth = burst out doing 迸发，突然而猛烈地产生某种情况
（比较：burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑起来
burst
into tears 眼泪夺眶而出
burst
into cheers 突然欢呼）
burst
out (doing ) 迸发出来，突然开始（做）
bed time 就寝时间                                          Beijing
Opera 京剧
before long 不久以后（比较：long before 很久以前）
belong to sb / sth 属于某人/某事               below
/ above zero 零度以下/上
body building 健美                                   body
language 身势语
boiled water 开水                                     both
… and … 两个都，既……又……
business hours 营业时间                           bus
station / stop 汽车站/公共汽车站
but for 如果不是，倘若不是      
Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好。

（3）Cc   80


calculate the distance between… 计算出……的距离
calm
down 平静，镇定                                   can’t
help but do sth 忍不住做某事
can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳                          card games 纸牌游戏
care about 对……感兴趣，关心，担心
（比较：care for 喜欢，关怀，照顾，照料
care for sb to do sth 愿意某人做
care to do sth 愿意做）
carry
away 拿走，使入迷                         carry off 夺走，携走
carry on 继续进行，坚持下去                  carry on research 进行研究
carry out (an experiment / a plan / an order / a survey) 开展或执行（实验/计划/命令/调查）
cast away 抛弃                                         catch
a glimpse of 瞥见
catch fire = be on fire 着火，开始燃烧
catch / find sb doing sth 发现/发觉某人正在做某事
cause damage to… 对……造成破坏            cell
phone 移动电话，手机
centre on / upon… 将……当做重点或中心
（比较：centre
/ concentrate / fasten / fix / focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中于）
chain stores 连锁店                                  change A for B 用A换B
change A into B 把A变成B，把A转换成B
change one’s mind 改变主意                     charge… for 收费，要价                        
charge sth with… 使某事物充满……（情感）（比较：be charged with 充满……）      
chat on line 网上聊天                               check in 登记，报到
check out 查明，核查，结帐                    check
information 审核情况                      
cheer sb on 为某人加油                     cheer sb
up 使某人高兴起来，使某人振作起来
chemical
factory 化工厂                           child laborer 童工
Christmas card / tree / Eve 圣诞卡/树/前夕 classical
music 古典音乐
classify … into … 把……分类成……          clean out 清除，打扫干净
clear away 清除掉，消散，清除打扫，整理
clear up 打扫卫生，梳理整齐，（天气）放晴，露出喜悦的表情
close friends 密友                                     close
down 倒闭
close up （尤指暂时）关闭，使靠近        close to 靠近，接近
communicate sth to sb 使某事物被人知晓，传送某事物给某人
communicate with… 与……交流/联络 compare notes 交换意见，交流看法
compare … to… 把……比作…                  compare with … 与……相比
compete against… 与……相对抗               compete for… 为……而竞争              
compete in 参加（竞赛）                         compete with… 与……竞争/比赛
complain
of 抱怨……                                computer / video games 电子游戏
congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事          
connect to 连接，相连（比较：be
connected to 与……有关系）    
connect with … 与……相连接
contribute to 有利于，贡献，捐款给，为……投稿
cool off 变凉，冷却，冷                          copy
sb’s example 仿照某人，照某人的样子做
cover an entire continent 覆盖整个大陆     cover
the events 采访事件，报道事件
create a positive / negative effect 产生积极/消极的作用/影响
cross
out 划掉                                          crowd around （许多人）围着                
cultural relics / sites 文化古迹                   current affairs 时事                                  
Cheer up. 振作起来。提起精神。            Come on! 来！快呀！

（4）Dd   54


dance to the music 伴随音乐起舞
date
from = date back to 始于……时期，追溯到
day after day 日复一日（强调重复）        day
by day 一天天地（强调逐渐变化）
day and night 日日夜夜地                         deal with = do with 处理，解决，对付
depend on / upon = rely on / upon 依靠，依赖，信赖，靠……来决定
develop a lifelong friendship with sb 与某人成为终身朋友
develop the photos 冲洗照片
devote … to… 把……贡献给……，献身于……，专心于……
[比较：be
devoted to (doing) sth 投身于
be devoted to sb 喜欢某人]
die away 逐渐消失，减弱（以至感觉不到），淡化
die down 逐渐降低，减弱，消失，平息
die from 因……而死，死于（除了疾病或情感以外的原因，及某种具体疾病）
die of (illness, hunger, grief,
etc.) 因……而死，死于（疾病，饥饿，悲伤等情感内因）
die off 一一死去，先后死去                    
die out = become extinct 灭绝，绝迹，消失
differ from = be different from 与……不同，区别于
dig up 挖出，掘起                                   dining
room 餐厅
dip into sth 把……放入液体中，浏览，翻阅
display one’s deep sympathy 表达某人深切的同情
distinguish A from B 显示A和B（两者）的差别，使A和B有所不同
（比较：distinguish between A and B 区别/辨别A 和B）
divide
… into 把……分成，使……分隔开
divide up 分配                                         double one’s efforts 加倍努力
dozens of 几十                                         draw
a conclusion 得出结论
draw attention to 对……表示注意              draw
back 后退
draw up 起草，拟定                                dream of 梦到                    
dream of / about doing sth 梦想做某事      dress up 化装打扮，乔装打扮                  
dress up as… 打扮／装饰成……                drink
a toast 祝酒                                          
drink to sb / sth 为……而干杯或祝福         drive off 击退, 把（车）开走                  
drop by 访问，拜访                                 drop
in 顺便走访，拜访                          
drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人                      drop
in at sp 顺便拜访某地
drop off 放下（某物），下车             drop out (of…) （从竞赛、活动等）退出，辍学
drop sb a line 给某人写短信                    during the day 在白天  
during / in the 1980s / 1980’s 20世纪80年代
during / in / throughout one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中

（5）Ee  36


each other 互相，彼此（比较：one another 相互，彼此 ）
earn / make / gain a / one’s living 谋生              earn / make money 挣钱，赚钱
eat up 吃完，吃光
either…or … 或者……或者……，要么……要么……
[比较：neither … nor … 既不……也不……
       not…but… 不是……而是……
not
only …but also… 不仅……而且……（前句用于句首时，须倒装）]
end up with … 以……结束/告终
（比较：begin / start with 以……开始
close
with 以……结束/告终
end
up 结束，告终，最后得到……的结局/下场
end in failure / prison 以失败/坐牢而告终.
end in a tie 以平局结束）
engage to sb 与某人订婚                          English-speaking
countries 说英语的国家
enjoy equal rights 享有平等权利               enjoy
oneself 过得愉快，玩得开心
escape from 免于/逃脱……，从……泄露出
every day 每天                                      everyday use 日常使用
every few years 每隔几年
（比较：every four years = every fourth year 每四年，每隔三年
        every two
years = every second year = every other year 每两年，每隔一年)
every now and then 不时地                             ever since 从……以来，从那时起              
except for 除了……之外                          exchange student 交换生  
exist in 存在于……                                experience life 体验生活
experiment with 进行实验，进行试验      
explain sth to sb = explain to sb
sth 向某人解释某事
express oneself 表达自己的意思                Excuse me. 对不起。
Everything / All goes well. 一切顺利。

（6）Ff    80


face to face 面对面 (比较：hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联)      
fail in doing sth 没做成某事                     fail to do sth 无法做某事
fall asleep 入睡 （比较：fall ill 病了，患病，病倒)
fall behind （成就，成绩）落后于           fall down 摔下来，倒塌
fall in love with sb 爱上某人（比较：be in love with sb 与某人相爱）
fall
into 陷入，落入                                 fall off 跌落，下降
fall
over 跌倒，摔倒                                fall
to / into pieces 垮台，崩溃，解体，倒塌
fairy tale 童话                                          family
name 姓氏
family tree 家谱                                            fax machine 传真机
far away 遥远，很远                                far
from… 远离……
fasten / tie … to… 把……栓/别在……上feast on sth 宴饮，尽情地享受……        
feed … on 喂养，饲养（比较：feed on / upon … 以……为食）          
feel down 感到闷闷不乐                          feel like doing sth 想做某事
feel well / terrible / better / weak 感觉好/糟/好些/虚弱
fight against 与……作斗争／打架／打仗
fight for sth 为……而斗争，争取获得某事物
fight over 为……而战，因……而争吵/争斗
fight sb / sth off 抗击某人/某事物，击退某人/某事物
fight with 与……并肩作战
figure out 理解，想明白，算出                fill in 填空，填写
fill out 把……填好                             fill
with 用……填充
fill A with B 把B装进A里，把A装满B
fill
up with… 用……装满
find out 获知，查明，查出，弄明白，发现，了解
fire escapes 安全梯                                   fire
exit 安全出口
first aid 急救                                           fish
farms 渔场
fit in 被他人接受，相处融洽
fit in (with sb / sth) 与（某人/某事物）相适应/相协调
fix a time / date for 为……确定时间/日期
fix up 搭起，安装，修理，修补                     folk
song 民歌
follow customs 随俗，按照习惯               follow
sb’s instructions 遵从某人的指示    
follow / take sb’s advice 听某人的劝告      follow the rules 按照规则去做
forget about 忘记了                                  
for a period of several weeks / months 在几周/几个月的一段时间里
for
ever = for good 永远
for example = for instance 例如 (比较：such
as … 例如……，像……这样)  
for free = free of charge = without payment 免费（比较：at
one’s own charge / expense 自费）
for once 就这/那一次                               for
one thing…, for another 首先……，其次……
for the first time 第一次，初次，首先
[比较：at first = in / at the
beginning 起初，首先
at
first sight 第一眼，乍一看，初见之下
first
of all 第一，首先，最重要
in
the first place （用于列举理由时）首先，第一，原先
the
first time 第一次，初次（后接状语从句）]
for the reason 因为                                  
for the sake of 由于，为了……的利益，为了……起见
free from 不受……的影响，没有……的
from now on 从现在开始，今后      from then on = from that moment on 从那时起
from … to … 从……到……                        from time to time 有时，不时，偶尔
from one country to another = from country to country 从一个国家到另一个国家
from one generation to another 一代接一代地
full dress 盛装                                         further education 进修，深造

（7）Gg   15


gain weight = put on weight 发福，增加体重，增肥（比较：lose
weight 减肥）
gas station 加油站                                   generally speaking 总的来说，一般来说
gift money 压岁钱                                          given / first name 名字
glance
at 匆匆一瞥                                   glare
at 怒视
graduate from… 毕业于……               greenhouse effect 温室效应
green tea 绿茶                                          grow up 生长，长大[/f

（10）Jj   12


join hands 携手，联手，合伙                   join in 参加，加入              
join sb (in doing sth) 和某人一起做某事    join the line 排队
join up 联合起来                      
judge sb by sth 依据某事物判断某人，断定，认为（比较：be judged by 靠……来判断）
junk food 垃圾食品                                  just as 恰如
just now 刚才，现在                                just
so-so 一般
just then 正在那时

（11）Kk   4


kick the habit 戒除某嗜好                         kind
of 稍微，有点儿
know about 对……了解                      know
of 听说过            

（12）L  50


labor force 劳动力                                       lack of sleep 缺少睡眠  
later on 后来，随后，以后                       laugh at 嘲笑，讥笑                                
lay down one’s life 献出生命                    lay off 解雇，不理会，使下岗                
lay the table 摆桌子
lead / have / live a cosy / an active life 过着舒适的/活跃的生活
lead sb to do sth = cause sb to do
sth 使某人做某事
lead to =
result in 通往，导致                learn
about… 了解，学习有关……知识
learn …(all) by himself = teach …oneself 自学……
learn
from… 向……学习，从……中学习          
leave alone 不管，不打扰，不理会，随……去
leave behind 忘带，留下                       leave out 省略，删掉，不考虑  
leave sb by himself 把某人独自留下
leave sb where he / she is 把某人留在原地 leave school 离开学校，辍学，毕业
less than 少于，不足                                     let
down 不支持，使失望，使沮丧
let in 放进，让……进来                            let out 放掉，泄露，发出(声音)
lie down 躺下                                                 lie
in 在于，位于
lie to sb 对某人撒谎                                 light
bulb 电灯泡
light a fire 点火                                       light up 照亮，使放光彩，点上（烟）吸起来
limit … to … 把……限制在……                 listen to 听……                    
little by little 逐渐地                                live
in poverty 生活在贫困线上    
live life on the go 过着忙碌的生活
live on 以……为主食，靠……谋生，继续存在，继续活着
live one’s dream = try to realize
one’s dream 努力实现梦想
live through 活过，经过（困难，危险）之后仍旧活着
live up to 依据……行事，做到，不辜负（期望）
live up to sb’s expectation = meet sb’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望
live with 忍受，与……一起住
lock sb up 将某人监禁起来，将某人锁于某处不得进出
lose control = be out of control 失去控制
lose heart 失去信心，泄气，灰心             lose one’s life 牺牲某人的生命
lose one’s sight / voice 失明 / 失声          Let me see. 让我想想。

（13）Mm    27


major in 主修，专研                          match …with … 把……和……相配
main course 主菜                             man-made satellite 人造卫星
means of transport 交通方式                 medical care 医疗保健        
midfield player 中场球员                        Middle East 中东        
millions of 成百上千万                           miss one’s turn 错过            
mistake / take A for B 错把A当成B        mix
up 混合在一起                          
mix …with … 把……和……混合      mobile phone 可移动电话
morning paper 晨报                                  movie
stars 电影名星
more and more 越来越多                          more
or less 或多或少                
more than = not only 不仅，不只，多于，十分
（比较：more A than B 与其说B，不如说是A
no more than = only 仅仅，只不过
not more than 不超过，至多）
most of 大多数
multiply … by
… ……乘以……                  musical
styles 音乐风格
My goodness! 天啊！

（14）Nn  17


native language = mother tongue 母语 neck and neck 并驾齐驱，不分上下，不相上下
next time 下次                                     next to 紧接着，相邻，在旁边，次于      
nine out of ten = nine in ten 十分之九        no doubt 无疑地
no longer / more = not…any longer / more 不再，已不
no matter 不论……，无论……                   not as / so… as 不像，不如
not at all = not a bit 一点也不，绝非（比较：not a little = very much 很，非常）
not later than 不迟于                                not …till / until… 直到……才……              
now and then 偶尔，时而                         now that 既然                                                
Nice to meet / meeting you. 很高兴见到你。

（15）Oo   66


obey / break the rules 遵守／违反规定      obey
/ observe the law 遵守法律
object
to 反对                                                 occur to sb 使某人突然想到
offer advice about / on … 提出关于……的建议
of course 当然                                         of late = lately 最近，近来
of one’s own 属于自己的（比较：on one’s own = by oneself 独自，单独地）
on a large scale 大规模地，大范围地        on
a team 在一队/组，加入一队/组
on (an / the) average 平均，按平均计算    on
an open fire 露营                  
on all sides 在各方面，到处                            on
and on 不停地，不断地
on condition that = if 如果                        on
board 在（船/飞机）上                      
on business 出差
on display 展览，陈列 [比较：on show 展出，在上演（放映）]
on duty 值日，值班                                 on
earth 在地球上，究竟
on end 直立，竖立                                  on
foot 步行
on holiday 在度假                                    on purpose = by accident 故意地
on sale 上市，出售，廉价出售，减价      on watch 值班，守望
on the air 正在播出的                         on the contrary 相反地，反之
on the front page 在头版                           on the go 奔波，忙忙碌碌的，四处奔走
on the Internet 在互联网上                             on the march 在游行
on the phone 在通话，用电话交流            on
the point of 就在……的时候
on / over the radio 通过收音机                  on
the top of 在……的顶端                
on one’s arrival / return （某人）一到达/回来
on (the) one hand…, on the other
hand … 一方面, 另一方面
once in a while 偶尔，有时                      once
more / again 再一次
once upon a time 从前，很早以前             one
day （过去/将来）有一天，某一天
one after another 一个接一个                    one by one 一个一个地，逐一
one-child policy 独生子女政策                 opera
house 歌剧院，艺术剧院
open up 打开，开启，开创，开辟，开设，开放
operate on sb 给某人动手术                   opposite to 在……对面
or else 否则，要不然                               or
rather 或者
or so 大约，……左右                               ought to 应当，应该
out of 由……里面向外，在……之外          out of breath 上气不接下气
out of danger 脱离危险                         out
of order 运转不正常，出毛病            
out of work 失业                                out of one’s reach 够不着                          
over and over again 多次，反复地，一再  over
there 在那边                          
owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 把……归功于，感谢，欠（债）
owe thanks to sb for sth 因为某事感谢某人      

（16）Pp   47


parking lot 停车场                                          pay phone （投币式）公用电话
pen friend / pal 笔友                                 pencil
case 文具盒，铅笔盒
pencil sharpener 转笔刀，削笔刀       people
with disabilities = disabled people 残疾人
personal affair 隐私                                  persist in 坚持
phone number 电话号码                           physical
education 体育                    
pile of (homework) 一大堆（作业），一大批，一大团
places of (great) interest 名胜                    pop music 流行音乐                      
post office 邮电局                                    play
against … 同……比赛                        
play / act the role of sb = play sb 扮演某人的角色
play a part / role in … 在……中起作用       play a trick on sb 开某人的玩笑，耍弄某人
play football / basketball 踢足球／打篮球
play the piano 弹钢琴                               play
with 玩耍，游戏
primary school = elementary school 小学    point at 指示，指向                          
point to 指向                                           point out 指出，使注意                            prefer
A to B 相比B更喜欢A                  prepare sth 准备                                
prepare for sth 为某事做好准备
prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做好准备 produce / make electricity 发电                
protect sb from
/ against … 保护某人免受……(伤害等)
provide sb with sth = provide sth
for sb 为某人提供某物
（比较：supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 为某人主动提供某物）
pull down 拆毁，拆除，摧毁，推翻         pull on 随便穿上
pull out of 从……中退出，（火车）驶离车站，从……拉出来
pull sb up 把……往上拉，把……拉上来
push open 推开                                        push (sth) over （使车船等）闪到一边
pros and cons 赞成与反对，正面和反面    pretty well 相当好，几乎，差不多

（17）Qq   3


quarrel with sb (about sth) （因某事）和某人吵架/争吵
quite
a few 许多，大量
quite
a lot / a bit 许多，大量

（18）Rr   51


raise money for (good cause) 为（做好事）而筹款
rank high / low 排名高/排名低                  rank third 位居第三            
rather than 宁可，而不是，非，与其……宁愿……
raw material 原料                                    record card 成绩单  
record holder 记录保持者                    reach out (for sth) 伸手去（拿，碰）
reach out (to
sth) 伸出手以触到或抓到、拿到某物
read about 读到有关……                    receive /
get one’s doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
recommend … to sb 向某人推荐……        
refer to 提到，查询，参阅，指的是，谈到，涉及，有关
relate
to 理解，同情，涉及，与……有关  （比较：be related to 与……有关联/关系）
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事            reply to 答复
respond to 回应，反映，响应                  
result in 产生某种作用或结果，导致
[比较：result from 由于，（因而）发生，产生，出现]
return to normal 恢复正常                        ring
back 给某人回电话
ring off 挂断电话，停止讲话                   ring up sb
= ring sb up 给某人打电话
rise / come to fame 成名                           roll over 翻滚，倒转
round up 使集合在一起，使聚拢              rock band 摇滚乐队
roller skating 滑旱冰
                             running
water 自来水
ruin sth = bring sth to ruin 使……变成废墟
run after 追赶，追求，追逐，在……之后跑    
run
at 冲向，向……攻击
run away 流失，逃跑，逃走，失控                
run away from school =drop out of
school 逃学
run
for 竞选
run into / across = come across =
meet …by chance = happen to meet 偶然遇见
run off 跑掉，迅速离开                                  
run out of sth 用完…… [比较：(sth) run out 耗尽，用光，用完]
run
over 压死，看一遍，跑过去                     run a business 做生意            
run / start a restaurant 开餐馆
rush sb off one’s feet 使某人忙得不亦乐乎，使某人忙得不可开交
rush out 冲出去                                       rush
through 掠过，快速通过

（19）Ss   110


satisfy / meet the needs of … 满足……的需要
save money 存钱                                      save
sb’s life 挽救某人的生命
say “no” to … 拒绝，否认，不同意          say
thanks to … 向……表示感谢
say to oneself 心里想，自言自语                     school
day 学校上课时                             school
play 校园剧                                   school things 学习用具                             school / field trip 郊游                          
search for 搜查，寻找，查找
self rescue 自救                                        see for oneself 自己去看，亲眼看            
see sb off 为某人送行（比较：meet sb 接某人）
see
to 处理，料理，照顾                        see to it that…= make sure that… 确保，务使
seek after 追求                                         seek for 寻找
sell out 卖完，出卖                                  sense
of responsibility 责任感
sentence / beat sb to death 判处某人死刑 / 把某人打死
separate … from … 把……和……分离开
serve as 作为，当作                                 serve
in the army 服役
serve the dishes 上菜                                serve
the people 为人民服务
settle an argument about… 解决关于……的争论
settle down 定下心来，安家落户，定居，平静下来
settle for 勉强同意，接受                        settle
in（使）习惯（环境等），定居
settle up 付清，结账                               shake
hands with sb 和某人握手
share (in) sth 分享                                    share
sth with sb 与某人分享……
shop assistsant 售货员                               short
wave 短波
shoot
at 向……射击                                  
shout
at (sb) 冲(某人)嚷嚷 [比较：smile at (sb) 冲（某人）笑]                        
show off 炫耀                                        show
up 出席，露面                                
show respect for sb 对某人表示尊敬          show
sb how to do sth 教某人做某事        
show sb out / in 送某人出去/ 迎某人进来
show sb to the door 带某人到门口             shut
down 关闭，把……关上
shut up 闭嘴                                            silver screen 银幕                                    
sign an agreement with… 与……达成协议
sit
down = be seated 坐着，坐下               sit up 熬夜
side by side 肩并肩，一起，相互支持      social
problems 社会问题                        
soft drink 清凉饮料，软饮料                    solar
system 太阳系                                  
soup opera 肥皂剧，连续剧                      so far = up till now 到目前为止                
some day 将来某一天，来日                    some … ,
others … 一些……，另一些……
sooner or later 迟早，终归                       sound
like 听起来像……      
space / train
station 太空／火车站             speed skating 速滑
speak
about 谈论，交谈                           speak against 发表抨击
speak
of 谈到                                          speak out 大胆讲出
speak
to 谈话，与……通话                       speed by 飞驰而过
speed up 加快速度（比较：slow down 减缓，减速，慢下来）
spend … (in) doing sth 花（钱，时间） 做某事
spend …on sth 在……花费（钱，时间）   spread out 伸开，铺开        
stage name 艺名                                       standing
room 立足之地
stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地          straight away 立刻地，毫不犹豫地
stare
at 凝视，盯着看                           start a fire 引起火灾                  
starve to death 饿死                              stay away 不在家，外出                          
stay away from… 与……保持距离             stay the same = remain the same 保持不变
stay up 挺住，站立，开夜车，醒着，不睡，熬夜
stick to 粘住，坚持，忠于                       stick with 继续支持，保持联系
stop doing sth 停止做某事                      
[比较：stop to do sth 停下来做某事
stop … (from) doing sth 阻止……做某事]          
strike
at 向……袭击／打击               struggle
against… 同……做斗争        
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
              struggle to do sth 挣扎着（竭力去）做某事
succeed
in… 在……获成功
（比较：succeed in doing sth = be
successful in doing sth成功地做了某事）
suffer
from… 受……苦                            suit … to … 使……适合于……
support / raise the family 养家                   surf
the internet 上网冲浪
sweep away （风）吹走,（浪）卷走        sweep down 吹倒，席卷，冲倒
sweep the floor 扫地                                 switch
on /off 开/关（电灯、机器等）
swimming pool 游泳池
Say “Hi” to sb for me. = Give my regards to sb =Remember
me to sb 代我向某人问好。
Say
goodbye to sb 向某人告辞/告别。      See you soon
/ later. 再见。

（20）Tt  124


table manners 餐桌礼节，用餐规矩          table
tennis 乒乓球（运动）
talent show 天才表演                               tape
recorder 磁带录音机
talk show 访谈节目                                  talk about 谈论，交谈，议论                  
talk
of 谈到                                           talk …
through （充分）讨论，详细讨论
talk
to 与某人交谈／谈话                        talk
with 和……交谈
telephone booth 电话亭                                telephone
number 电话号码
tennis racket 网球拍                                 tear at 用力撕                                                
tear down 拆毁，拆除                              tear
sth into pieces 把某物撕成碎片          
tell the difference between A and B 说出/分辨A和B 的区别
tend to 趋于，朝某方向                           test
on 在……做实验
test the blood 验血                                          Thanksgiving Day 感恩节                        thanks
for…因为……而感谢              
thanks to… 多亏了，幸亏，由于，因为
（比较：due to = owing to = because of 由于，因为）
than usual 比平常……                              
the Antartic 南极   [比较：the South / North (Pole) 南/北极]
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋      
（比较：the
Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
the Indian Ocean 印度洋
the
Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the
Yellow River 黄河）                                  
the butterfly 蝶泳                
the Capital Stadium 首都体育馆
[比较：the
Great Wall 长城
the
Palace Museum 故宫（博物馆）
the
People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国（简称PRC）]
the day after tomorrow 后天                      the
day before yesterday 前天
the entrance to ……的入口                        (the) long / high jump 跳远/高    
the Maglev Train 磁悬浮列车          the
majority / minority of people 大多数/少数人
the (more) …, the (more) … 越……，越……
the next morning 第二天早上                    the other day 前几天，某日
the other way around 相反地，用相反方式
the Olympic Games / the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会
the problem with … 关于……的问题          the
same as 与……同样的            
the same to 对……也一样                         the
United Kingdom 英国          
the United Nations 联合国                      the
United States 美国
the way to do sth / of doing sth 做……的方法
the working people 工人，劳动人民          the
World Championship 世锦赛                
this very night 就在这个晚上                    thousands
of 成千上万                    
Three Gorges Dam Project 三峡大坝工程 three
meters deep = three metres in depth 三米深
through thick and thin 不顾艰难
throw light upon / on 阐明某事，使某事显得很清楚
throw about 四处乱扔                              throw
at 向……扔去                                  
throw away 扔掉                                    throw up 吐出（事物），呕吐                  
tie A to B 把A 绑在B 上                        tie … up 系，栓，捆
tie up (one’s hair) = do up (one’s
hair) （头发）扎起来
tire out 筋疲力尽                                           tire oneself out 使自己疲惫不堪
time and time again = over and over again 多次，不断地，反复
time area 时区                                   toast
to the New Year 为新年干杯              
to begin with = to start with 首先，作为开始，第一点
to be honest = honestly speaking 老实说，说实在的
to make matters / things worse = worse still 使事情/情况更困难/危险，更糟糕的是
to … degree 达到……程度                        to one’s knowledge 据某人所知
to one’s regret / sorrow / surprise / joy 使某人遗憾/悲伤/惊讶/高兴的是
to the north of 在……以北                         to the point 中肯，扼要，切中要害
too many 太多                                     too much 太多，过分，太  
too … to = so … that 太……以至于不能 tongue
twister 绕口令
track and field 田径                                  traffic
lights 交通指挥灯，红绿灯
travel agent 旅行社                                  trial and error 反复实验，不断探索
trade for 交易                                                 trade in 以交易方式购入                  
trade … with sb 与某人做……交易（买卖）
transform … into… 把……转变成…… treat sb badly 虐待      
treat sb to sth 请某人吃……                   trip over （被……）绊倒            
trust (in) = have trust in = rely
on 信赖，信任
try on 试穿（衣，鞋，帽等），试试看，耍弄（花招）
try out 试验，尝试，试用                        try one’s best 竭尽所能
TV series 电视连续剧                               TV
station 电视台
twice the size of 是……的两倍之大            Thank goodness! 谢天谢地！
This way, please. 请走这边。                    It’s
time to do…. 该做……了。

（21）Uu   12


under arrest 被拘留                                  under
attack / fire 被攻击
under construction / control /
discussion 在建设／控制／讨论中
under repairs 在修理中
under the command of 在某人控制之下，在……的指挥下
under the direction of 在……的指导下 unite as one 团结一致                
upside down 颠倒着，倒转着                  up
and down 来回，上上下下，来来往往
up to 正在做，从事于，大约，多达        up to date 现代的，时新的，据目前所知的
use up…. 用完……，用尽……

（22）Vv   2


VCD player 影碟播放机                           very
much = a lot 很，非常，十分

（23）Ww  60


wait for 等待，等候                                
wait / stand in queue = wait / stand in line 排队等侯
waiting room 等候(候车)室
wake up 醒来                                           wake
sb up 把某人吵/叫醒
walk / run up to = go / come up to 上前去  want all day off 请假一整天
wash away 冲走                                       wash
down 冲走，冲垮
washing machine 洗衣机                           watch out (for…) 留神，提防，注意        
watch
over 看守，照看                              watch TV 看电视                                    
wear
away 磨掉，消耗              
wear
out 穿破，把……穿旧，磨坏，使……疲劳
[比较：be worn out （衣服等）穿破/被损坏，（人）疲惫不堪/感到疲劳]
what else 而且                                        
what if… 倘使……将会怎样，如果……将会怎样
win … prize 获得……奖                            win the first place （比赛）得了第一名    
win sb 把某人争取过来（比较：beat / defeat sb 打败某人）
wipe out 去除，消灭                                wish
each other good luck 互相祝福  
wish … every success 祝…… 成功           without a
sound 悄无声息地
without limit 无限地                                without
luck 运气不好
with the help of＝with sb’s help 在……的帮助下
with the purpose of 有……的目的              wonder at 对……感到惊讶
word for word 逐字地                              work
as an actress 做女演员                    
work at 从事，致力于 ，干……活动（研究）
work on … 继续工作，从事于……，忙于……，不断做……
work out 算出，解决，想出（办法），制定（计划），结局，至最后
work with … 对……起作用                       work permit 工作许可证
worry about 为……担心，烦恼                  would
like 想要（婉转表达个人的想法、看法）
would rather 宁愿，宁可                          wrap sth in 用……把某物包起来              
wrap up 包好，伪装                                write
down 记下，写下                        
write to 写信给                                        Well
done / said! 干得好/说得好！            
What a pity! 多可惜！真遗憾！                What
a shame! 太不好意思了！太遗憾了！
What / How about…? ……怎么样？……好不好？
What becomes of … ？ ……变得怎样了？
What kind …? 何种……？                         What
time …? 几点……？
What’s on? 发生了什么事？          What’s the population of …? ……有多少人口？
What’s up? 怎么啦？                             What’s wrong / the matter? 怎么了？              
Would you mind…? 你介意……吗？

（24）Yy  4


year after year 年复一年，年年，每年（重复）
year by year 一年年（逐渐变化）
Young
Pioneer 少先队员
You’re
welcome. 不用谢。不客气。

（25）Zz  1


zebra crossing 斑马线

Something powerful!!!