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[用户互动]中考英语单项选择题解题步骤及方法

楼主#
更多 发布于:2015-07-14 19:55
 单项选择是一种容量大、考查面广的题型。它可集中考查词法、句法、语法知识。因此在各级各类考试中,单项选择是必不可少的题型。
  要做好单项选择题,首先必须熟练掌握句型、固定搭配、习惯用法、语法等方面的基础知识。还应该了解一些解题技巧,提高解题的综合能力。
  解答单项选择题,一般要经过四个阶段:阅读审题——观察分析——选择判断——复查验证。
  从词法、句法到语境分析,都离不开辨证思维,这是快速提高解答单项选择题能力的一个关键步骤和基本的理论指导。
  分析句子的语法结构
  语言靠语句来传输信息,复杂的句子结构总是由其内在的相互关联的基本结构所组成,所以当我们接触到单项选择题时,必须捕捉关键词语,分析句子的语法结构。
  例:-There___________acharityshowthisweekend.Wouldyouliketojoinus?-Ofcourse.I‘dloveto.A.isB.hasC.willbeD.willhave
  此句中there,thisweekend为关键词或短语,由thisweekend推断句子应是一般将来时,由there断定这里是therebe句型,后面的Wouldyouliketojoinus?说明慈善义演还没有举行,由此推断选项必须是therebe句型的一般将来时形式即therewillbe,所以选C。
  基本语法结构是一切交际的基础,再复杂的交际内容都必须依赖于它,所以这是做单项选择题的第一步,要达到更深层次的理解,就必须进入第二步。
  品味对话语境
  “语境”提供交际信息,帮助交际者正确理解交际内容,从而运用语法组词造句并作出恰当的反应,以达到交际的目的。所以我们做题时,应联系上下文情境,甚至要结合一定的文化背景,仔细品味,把握说话者的内在意义。
  例:-I’vegotanewjobinNewYork。
  -Oh,________,butI‘llmissyou.A.that’stoobadB.that‘saproblemCthat’sOKD.that‘sgreat
  依据第一句的表达,“我已经在纽约找到了一份新工作”,这表明说话者将要离开去纽约工作。根据英美国家的文化特点,听者即使是出于礼貌也应该给对方美好的祝愿,所以选D项,也可以说Congratulations!Howluckyyouare!等诸如此类的话。做此类情景交际题,要用英语思维,避免中文思维,要符合英语国家的思维方式和文化习俗,避免套用中国文化模式。

  例:-Excuseme,mayIhaveyourname?-___________。
  A.AllrightB.OfcourseC.Yes,pleaseD.CallmeAndy,please
  仅仅从语法结构上看,四个选项都可以,但是前三个选项都没有给出说话者所提问的关键答案,所以相比较而言还是D选项符合要求。
  综上所述,品味语境不仅有利于准确选出答案,更重要的是它可以培养我们的语感,训练我们用英语思维的习惯,准确把握说话者的真实含义,以达到有效交际的目的。
  掌握一般规律的特殊性
  任何事物都有其一般性也有其特殊性,英语也不例外。单项选择题就可很好地考查学习者对英语的一般规律和特殊用法的掌握情况。
  例:-Let’sgofishingifit_____thisweekend.-Butnobodyknowsifit_____。
  A.isfine,willrainB.willbefine,rainsC.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain
  此题考查if的用法,按照一般考生的思维会认为这里的两个if都是“如果”的意思,答案为C项。但若考虑其特殊性,if既可以表示“如果”引导一个条件状语从句也可以表示“是否”引导一个宾语从句,则前一个if后面用一般现在时,后一个if后面用一般将来时,答案为A项。
  从词法、句法到语境分析,都离不开辨证思维,这是快速提高解答单项选择题能力的一个关键步骤和基本的理论指导。
  一题多变,告别“题海战术”
  单项选择题并非做得越多,水平就提高得越快,相反,有时会多则杂多则乱,所以做单项选择题要“一题多变”,要“精练”。
  例:-Whataheavyrain!-Soitis.Iprefer___________athome___________onsucharainyday。
  A.watchTV;togooutB.watchTV;gooutC.watchingTV;togoingoutD.towatchTV;goingout
  此题考查动词prefer的用法,答案选C。我们对此题可以作如下变化:
  ①“变选项”:如果把选项D改为:towatchTV;ratherthangoout即:IprefertowatchTVathomeratherthangooutonsucharainyday。此句用了prefertodosth.ratherthandosth。结构,符合题干中的语法结构和语境要求。
  ②“变题干”:如果把题干变为Iwouldrather_______athomethan_________onsucharainyday。这时选项B就符合句法结构了。
  无论是词法、句法还是情景交际题,都可以一题多变,以点带面,以一当十,从而可以从繁杂的题海中解脱出来,快速有效地提高英语知识水平和解题能力。

  【综合能力训练】
  I. 单项选择。
  1. He came to China _______ 1998.
  A. from B. since C. at D. in
  2. — ____ did you buy the new bag?—Last Monday.
  A. Where B. How C. When D. Who
  3. Mr. Yang is too ______ to go on walking.
  A. strong B. tall C. kind D. tired
  4. ______ trees are cut down every year.
  A. Thousand B. Thousands of
  C. Thousands D. Thousand of
  5. He's lived here ________ 1980.
  A. after B. in C. from D. since
  6.—Can you understand me ?
  —Sorry, I can__ understand you.
  A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever
  7. — ______ does it take me to go from my school to your school ?—About five minutes.
  A. How many B. How far
  C. How much D. How long
  8. —Hello. May I speak to Jim, please?
  — _________, please?
  A. Who are you B. How is he
  C. Who is that D. What are you
  9. She asked me if I knew whose pen ______.
  A. is it B. it was C. it is D. was it
  10. It's cold outside. You'd better__ your coat.
  A. put on B. put away C. put back D. put up
  11.—I have finished my homework.
  —When ______ you _______it?
  A. have; finished B. do; finish
  C. did; finish D. will; finish
  12. —Can I _____ your bike?
  —With pleasure. But you mustn't _____ it to others.
  A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend
  C. carry; lend D. borrow; keep
  13. ____ of them has an English dictionary.
  A. Every B. Each C. Both D. All
  14. It ____ me about ten minutes to go to school by bike every day.
  A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes
  l5. Don't tell anybody about it. Keep it _____ you and me.
  A. among B. between C. in D. with
  16. I’d like to _________ the word in French.
  A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
  17. A strong wind will arrive in Harbin. It will _____ much rain.
  A. bring B. take C. carry D. get
  18. It's ______ a beautiful stamp.
  A. quite B. too C. very D. so
  19. He doesn't know ____ English because he has studied it for only ___ weeks.
  A. much; a few B. little; few
  C. few; little D. a few; a little
  20. It's about _______ walk from my home.
  A. ten minute B. ten minutes
  C. ten minute's D. ten-minutes
  21. —Is this your sock?
  —Yes, it is. But where is _____?
  A. the others B. the other one
  C. others D. other one
  22. The radio is too noisy. Would you please _____ a little?
  A. turn it off B. turn it down
  C. stop it from D. pick it up
  23. The woman had to do the farm work herself, ___?
  A. did she B. didn’t she C. had she D. wasn’t she
  24. He has_______for about twelve years.
  A. bought the house B. left here
  C. lived here D. gone there
  25. I’d like some water, but he wants ______.
  A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange
  C.two bottle oranges D. two bottles of oranges
  26. Mike is learning ________a computer.
  A. how can he use B. how to use
  C. how he use D. how to using
  27. You are just ______ for the game. Please come and join us.
  A. in time B. on time
  C. at times D. at the time
  28. Who will teach ______ English next term?
  A. ourselves B. us C. our D. ours
  29. Everything is _____ lighter on the moon than on the earth.
  A. so B. more C. much D. very
  30. —_____ do you go to see your parents?
  —Once a week.
  A. How often B. How long
  C. How soon D. When
  [参考答案]
  I. 1—5 DCDBD 6—10 ADCBA 11—15 CBBDB 16—20 AAAAB 21—25 BBBCB 26—30 BABCA


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