[资料共享]新概念第二册1-68课精品笔记

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★private   adj.私人的  
如果妈妈想看你的信, 你可以说 : It's my private letter.
如果陌生人想进你的房子, 你可以说 : It's my private house.
private life 私生活
由此引申出privacy n.隐私 : private life 私生活
It’s privacy.这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)
新东方是private school(私立学校), 与此相反, 公立学校是public school.所以, private的反义词是public.
eg.public 公众; public letter 公开信; public place 公共场所
private还有一个值得注意的意思 : 普通的.
如 : private citizen 普通公民:I’m a private citizen.
private soldier 大兵;
我们熟悉的《拯救大兵瑞恩》就是《Private Ryan》

★conversation  n.谈话
subject of conversation : 话题(天气是英国人最喜爱的话题)
几种谈话 :
1、talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 : Let’s have a talk.
2、conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式: They are having a conversation.
3、dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 : China and Korea are having a dialogue.
4、chat 闲聊, 就是北京人说的 “侃” , 说的是无关紧要的事.
5、gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短
have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词

★seat    n.座位  
这个词很重要, 考试常考.
have a good seat,这里的seat指place(指地点不错), 而不是chair.
take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐
下面这个句子在口语、电影里很常见 : Is the seat taken?(这个位置有人吗?)

考点 : 作为动词的seat与sit的区别
sit--vi; seat—vt
eg: He is sitting there.他住在那儿.
You seat him.你给他找个位置.
seat sb 让某人就坐,后面会加人
eg: seat yourselft.
Seat him.

★play   n.戏
★loudly adv. 大声的
★angry  adj. 生气的
cross=angry ;   I was angry.He was cross.
annoyed: 恼火的;
程 I was annoyed.
度 I was angry/cross.
加 I was very angry.
深 be blue in the face : I am blue in the face.(脸色都青了, 相当生气了)

★bear(bore,borne)  v. 容忍
bear,stand
I can't bear/stand you
endure[in5djuE] :忍受,容忍
put up with :忍受
I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him
bear/stand/endure
忍受的极限在加大
put up with=bear=stand
bear n.熊  white bear
bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱
give sb a bear hug

★business  n. 事, 生意
business man :生意人
do business: 做生意
go to some place on business:因公出差
I went to Tianjin on business.
thing  可以指事情,也可以指东西
business:某人自己的私人的事情
It's my business (指私人的事, 自己处理的事)
it's none of your business

【课文讲解】
go to the theatre
see a film=go to the cinema
go to the +地点  表示去某地干嘛
go to the doctor's 去看病
go to the dairy  去牛奶店
go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店
go to the butcher's 买肉
go to school: 去上学
go to church: 去做礼拜
go to hospital(医院):去看病
go to the Great Wall
go home; 跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息
I am at home 在家休息
enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心
enjoy+sth :喜欢,从当中得到一种享受
I like something very much./I love something.
I enjoy the class.
I enjoy the music.
I enjoy the book.
enjoy the dinner/film/progeam/game
were sitting :当时正座在
过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述
I+be+v(ing)
The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.
got :变得,表示一种变化,got angry
I am/was angry 是一个事实
I got angry:强调变化过程
It is hot.
It got hot.
got取代be动词,got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词
turn round:转头
not pay any attention = pay no attention
表示注意,pay attention; 对什么加以注意,pay attention to sth
not any=no
I could not bear it./you./the noise.
I can't hear a word.
美音:肯定I can [kAn] 否定,I can't[kAnt]/,它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别, 只能根据上下文来定

2.如果时间和地点连在一起,先放地点,再放时间
如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配  when and where
(4)...
ahead of : 在...前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)
ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.

5 ______ did the writer feel? Angry.
a.Where b.Why c.How d.When
(5) ...c...
how ——对一个方式、状态提问
特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问
angry(adj)
how(adv.)——对形容词、副词、介词短语提问
where    ——用介词,地点
when     ——用介词,时间
why      ——用because回答
11 The writer could not bear it. He could not ______ it.
a.carry b.suffer c.stand d.lift
(11)...
suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦
bear: 忍受=stand
I suffer the headache.
He often suffers defeat.



【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★until  prep.直到
直到...才; 直到...为止
后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句
1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)
直到他回来,他爸爸才死.
2) His father was alive until he came back.  (否定)
直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.
到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die;  活的 : 不加not.
把until作为时间终止线
从句的时间终点之前,这个动作做了还是没做?
做了——肯定;
没做——否定.
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A.    waited           B.didn't wait
A.leave     B.left      C.didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.

★outside  adv. 外面
作状语
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outsid.
ring(rang.rung)  v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的)
[注]这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
而风铃等响要用jingle
jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当
给某人打电话 : ring sb.
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
打电话(名) : give sb. a ring
Remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring
戒指(名词) n

★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)
与此相同, 男性则是uncle: 叔叔  
他们的孩子 : cousin : 堂兄妹(不分男女)
cousin的孩子 : nephew : 外甥, niece : 外甥女[记 : “捏死” ]

★repeat  v.重复

【Text】
Lesson 2  Breakfast or lunch?  早餐还是午餐?
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Why was the writer's aunt surprised?

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'
   'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.
   'What are you doing?' she asked.
   'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
   'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'

参考译文
    那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “
  “但我还在吃早饭, “我说.
  “你在干什么?” 她问道.
  “我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍.
  “天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!”

【课文讲解】
On Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天
never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
I don't like her.=I never like her.
因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时.
look out of :朝窗外看 out of是固定搭配
从...里:from, out of
dark: 天很黑
What a day?
What + a + n.——感叹句
It is a terrible day.==> What a terrible day!
what+a/an (+a.)+n.(+主语+谓语)
What a terrible day!
省略 : 1.主、谓随时可省
what a good girl (she is)!
2.省形容词
What a day! 有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词.
just then: 就在那时
It was my aunt Lucy.
如果不知道对方性别, 可以用it取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?
just只会出现在 “现在完成时”
by train
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)
如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on
I go out by bus.
若是两辆 : I go out in/on two buses.
I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来
同样的用法还有 : go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join...
前4个一定要记住
天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!
美国人说 : My god! [^Cd] ([C]发啊的音)注意美英的发音不同.
It’s one o’clock! 注意下划线要连读!

【Key structures】　关键句型
本课的重点句型是现在进行和一般现在.
Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作
Now——现在进行时(说话的当时正在发生, 现阶段正在发生)
Often , Always——一般现在时
"现阶段":I am working as a teacher.

I do.../he does...
I get up...
一般现在时, 是一种习惯, 真理, 是过去, 现在和未来都会发生的事情.
现在还在睡觉
He is still sleeping.

频率副词往往放在句子中间, 实义动词前, 非实义动词后
如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间.
疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面.

非实义动词 : 1.系动词(be)
 2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)
           3.情态动词 : (must,can,may) 除此之外都是实义动词.

p4 Exercises
1 I am looking out of my window. I can see some children in the street. The children ______ (play) football. They always ______ (play) football in the street. Now a little boy ______ (kick) the ball. Another boy ______ (run) after him but he cannot catch him.
2 I carried my bags into the hall.
‘What you ______ (do)?’my landlady asked.
‘I ______ (leave), Mrs. Lynch, ’ I answered.
‘Why you ______ (leave)?’ she asked. ‘You have been here only a week. ’
‘A week too long, Mrs. Lynch, ’ I said. ‘There are too many rules in this house. My friends never ______ (come) to visit me. Dinner is always at seven o'clock, so I frequently ______ (go) to bed hungry. You don't like noise, so I rarely ______ (listen) to theradio. The heating doesn't work, so I always ______ (feel) cold. This is a terrible place for a man like me. Goodbye, Mrs. Lynch. ’

1.are playing; "always" play; is kicking"now"; is running
2.are you doing; am leaving; (用进行时态表达将来时:go,come.leave,arrive
join,return,die,land,meet)
"别人用什么时态, 你就用什么时态” are you leaving
come
go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语)
(rarely 很少) listen
"doesn't work" 停止工作, 已坏了, 不起作用了.
feel

I frequently go to bed hungry (背诵)
He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.
You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.

【Special Difficulties】 难点
What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语
What 对名词感叹

3.He is causing a lot of trouble
名词:trouble
主语:he
动词:is causing
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ______ .
a.late  b.lately c.slowly d.hardly
5."not early"
  late(adj./adv.)  lately(adv.)=recently(adv.)最近的, 近来的.
how are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?
 A

8  He ______ out of the window and saw that it was raining.
a.looked b.saw c.remarked d.watched
8.A
 look(vi.):表示看的动作; 后面一定要加介词
see(vt.) : 表示看的结果; 后面直接加宾语
 watch : 表示观看; 后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
look at pictures (对)watch pictures(错)

11  Breakfast is the first ______ of the day.
a.food b.dinner c.lunch d.meal
11.D
lunch :中餐   food :食物
dinner:正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐.
meal : 一顿饭

频率副词,放在实义动词前, 非实义动词后;
如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词.要放在两个之间
疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面




【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★send  v. 寄, 送
寄信 : send a letter
用法 : send sth to sb/send sb sth
类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell...
send/take children to school
区别 : take : 强调某人亲自送; take flowers to his wife 自己送
send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车 send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
postcard  n. 明信片
[注意]/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
send him a card
简写为card, 由此引申出 :
namecard/visiting card : 名片
Here is my namecard.(口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)
ID card:身份证; ID : 身分, 身份 (identification, identity)
credit card:信用卡
cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)

★spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏(重点词)
几种破坏 :
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁
以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上
spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱
1、宠坏 His parents spoiled the boy.
2、毁了某人心情.
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my hoilday.

★museum  n. 博物馆
Palace Museum:故宫

★public  adj. 公共的
这个词我们在第一课见过了, 基本用法和private一起记. 下面再说两点 :
public house简称pub : 酒吧 ; public place 公共场所
in public:公开的; in private:私下里的(介词短语在英语中往往充当状语)
Let’s have a conversation in private.让我们私下谈谈?
Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)

★friendly  adj. 友好的
以-ly结尾是形容词, 同样的还有lovely adj.
friendly单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way

waiter  n. 服务员, 招待员
waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里
领班 : chief waiter
商店里的店员 : shop assistant
其他公共场所的服务员:attendant

★lend  v. 借给 lend to / lend sth.to sb/ lend sb.sth.
借进 : borrow: borrow from; 但borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.

★decision  n. 决定
v. decide
make a big/great dicision (重大/伟大, 更重大)

★whole  adj. 整个的all the... : all the day (the可省略)
the whole.. : the whole day.
all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词
一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of us;all of the students

★single  adj. 唯一的, 单一的
反义词 : double 双倍的

【Text】
Lesson 3  Please send me a card  请给我寄一张明信片
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
How many cards did the writer send?

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

参考译文
   明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定. 我早早起了床, 买来了37张明信片. 我在房间里关了整整一天. 然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!

【课文讲解】
The baby spoilded my night.
Italian[i5tAljEn]于Italy[5itEli] : 注意读音不同
and 先后往往是对等的概念, but也是如此
teach sb.sth.
He teaches our English.(错)
He teacher us English.(对)
语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English
think about/of 考虑, 思考, think of还可指想到
think over:仔细考虑
last summer里的last表示 “上一个”
last:表示 “上一个” 或 “最后一个” , 表示 “最后一个” 时要加冠词the
具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on
I spend the whole day in my room.
spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
Review回顾 :
spoil
send/lend/teach sb.sth.
send/lend/teach sth. to sb

【Special Difficulties】 难点[/

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