[资料共享]区分定语从句与名词性从句

楼主^#

更多发布于：2015-09-23 23:02

区分定语从句与名词性从句

定语从句与名词性从句句式结构用法比较
定语从句常易与主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句相混淆。判断的方法是：由关系代词或副词引起的句子直接充当句中某一成分，即为名词性从句；如果这个句子修饰前面的一个名词即先行词或指代整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。
例1. (1) As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
(2) It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
比较：(1)两个句子之间没有连接词，而是由逗号分隔。根据前一分句意义“正如大家所知道的(众所周知)”分析，该句应用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个句子内容。
(2)两个句子之间有连接词that连接。根据句意分析，that所引起的从句为主语从句，故该句应选用it作形式主语置于句首，引导主语从句。
例2. (1)Shenzhen is no longer what it used to be.
(2) Shenzhen is no longer the place that it used to be.
比较：(1)句中没有充当表语的名词，故应选用代词what(……样子)引起一个表语从句。
(2)句中表语名词the place 被it used to be所修饰，且充当其句中表语。故应选用关系代词that指代先行词the place引起一个定语从句。
例3. (1) Please tell me the reason why he didn't attend the meeting.
(2) Please tell me why he didn't attend the meeting.
比较：(1)句中充当宾语的名词the reason被he didn't attend the meeting所修饰，且充当句中的原因状语。故应选用关系副词why指代先行词the reason连接定语从句。
(2)句中没有充当直接宾语的名词，而是由一个句子充当宾语。根据句意，应选用疑问副词why连接宾语从句。
例4. (1) The fact puzzles me much that I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.
(2) Do you understand the easier fact that (which) he explained to you just now?
比较：(1)根据句意分析，从句I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now 是来解释说明句中主语 the fact，是同位关系，且the fact不充当句中任何成分。故应选用连接词that连接同位语从句。
(2)分析句子结构可知，句中名词the easier fact在后一从句中充当宾语。故应选用关系代词that(which) 指代先行词the easier fact 连接定语从句。

喜欢1